Artificial Intelligence and its effects on our life

Artificial Intelligence What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

Artificial intelligence is the control and coordination of the things we do today through automated machines and software. These tasks can be actions performed by humans or actions of other living things.

Let's explain.

You get into your car. You turn the key. The car adapted to the chip in the key. The engine started, you shifted the gears and moved your car back and forth. You got where you wanted to go.

The codes inside the lock, the way the engine works, the flow of gasoline, the fuel-air mixture ratio and the desired speed. Artificial intelligence is the process of deciding with software whether all these are the same as the known states of events that have been known before and tried millions of times, and whether they are repeated or not.

We living beings use organs such as eyes, ears, tongue, nose, hands, arms and legs. But in artificial intelligence systems, the work of our organs is done by sensors.

Chess-playing computers, automatic pilots that follow the flight routes of airplanes, navigation systems of ships, unmanned submarines are all artificial intelligence systems.

In short, artificial intelligence is the process of repeating thousands of identical events that we have tried, lived and experienced before, through computers, robots and software. While these processes are being carried out, it means checking the work done thousands of times and ensuring its suitability.

It's like putting on your shirt. You put one sleeve in, then the other and start buttoning it up. If a button doesn't fit, you start doing it again...

This is what artificial intelligence is like. It means whether or not the flow is correct when the things we have done successfully thousands of times are repeated every day, regardless of time, place and product type.

Artificial intelligence is actually a control process of our life experiences and constants carried out by machines with software.

Isn't it the same in real life? Every time we do something different, we try to solve it based on our previous experiences. Our previous experiences guide us in this regard.

Artificial intelligence also guides us about new processes that we are not used to by utilizing thousands of experiences.

How do you get to your desired destination in the smoothest way and with the least effort?

Or how do you produce the goods or services you produce in the easiest way and with the highest quality?

In short, you make a profit and loss calculation. If it harms you, you don't do that job.

The radar system of an airplane tracking wind speed can send warnings to the relevant pilot or system according to the strength and direction of the wind in possible storms. It can calculate course deviations and suggest a route change to the pilot to go to the correct destination. If the airplane is flying on autopilot, it may decide to pass through a safer area and reach its destination with a longer route but with reduced risk.  

The same is true for GPS devices used for transportation by people living in metropolitan cities, which detect areas with heavy traffic and identify alternative routes to the destination. By suggesting these routes to the driver, the driver can reach his/her destination in a shorter time. Both time and fuel costs are saved.

Artificial intelligence actually determines the probabilities of the software defined in it according to the instantaneous values of many variables. It is just like computer systems facing a human in a chess game. It reviews millions of moves according to the current conditions and the state of the pieces played and makes the most appropriate move towards its goal.

Don't we think of the same moves when we play chess?

Here, whoever calculates the most moves and makes the most correct move wins the game.

Since we cannot always have a chess match with Gary Kasparov as a player, we can benefit from a chess program programmed with artificial intelligence for training or level determination, or for playing games.

As a pilot, we cannot always calculate millions of data correctly every time during a flight, and we may also make mistakes in determining a new route in accordance with the events or new situations encountered. Moreover, if we are not flying in visibility conditions or if we are flying at night, there are millions of data that we need to pay attention to and make decisions.

Artificial Intelligence compares the flow of work according to instantaneous data, just like when we put on a shirt. It makes comparisons.  It acts like we control the whole process of putting on a shirt. If one of the buttons we fasten is left unbuttoned, we unbutton it again and continue the process from where we left off, and Artificial Intelligence repeats these processes of all the processes by making comparisons and checking them like us.

Are the landing gear of the plane closed? Is the speed of the plane 300 km?

Are we descending for landing? Are the engines running at full power on take-off?

How many degrees is our climb angle? Is it within the limits?

What is the oncoming wind data?

Artificial intelligence eliminates unwanted or undesirable options and uses only the desired and realizable situations as a preference in decision-making. In this case, it uses the available data.

According to this situation, it emphasizes appropriate courses of action. In other words, it uses the working principle of the brain of us human beings.

If the weather forecast shows rainy in 3 hours and you are going out in 3 hours, it tells you to take your umbrella and raincoat. If the traffic is very heavy in the direction you are going, it tells you to take an alternative route.

In fact, in simple artificial intelligence, there are variables that are defined and known in advance. More advanced artificial intelligence can learn the existence of new variables and develop new courses of action or decisions according to the state of these variables.

As in the game of chess, it analyzes all possible move options according to the current game situation, calculates the steps that can be taken and their positive or negative effects on our goal, and tells us what to do or does what we need to do. We call people who do this "polymaths".  There is also a polymath artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence that can produce a new course of action by comparing more complicated and different results instead of simple moves. In short, we call this type of artificial intelligence "Learning Intelligence". Incorrect and inaccurate definition of defined variables also causes artificial intelligence to make incorrect interpretations and produce incorrect results.

For example, in a factory producing glass, the temperature of molten glass should be 800 degrees Celsius, whereas pressing glass at 700 degrees Celsius to make glasses will cause all the glasses to break or crack.

Measurements of defined values must also be accurate.  Sensors, which we call sensors, should not show incorrect values.

In a sensor program that shows + 18 degrees inside the refrigerator, the refrigerator works until the morning to bring the inside of the refrigerator to + 4 degrees, which is the required internal temperature. The next morning you will find everything inside the refrigerator frozen.

If you launch a smart missile like Cruise at a target and it detects an incoming interceptor missile, it immediately makes a decision to change altitude and direction and redirects the missile to alternative routes. Artificial intelligence tries to steer the Cruise missile between two mountains in order to reduce detection and to reach its target by other routes.

The areas of use of Artificial Intelligence in our daily lives can be listed under the following headings. These are

- Cyber security and defense industry

- Voice assistants

- Language translations

- Recommendation systems

- Navigation

- Social security

- Health services

- e-Commerce

- Assistive robot applications. 

Another important issue is access to artificial intelligence software.  Having access to this software means that you can modify this software and add your own experience and sensitivities to these artificial intelligence programs.

Open source code in all kinds of software also gives you the opportunity to change this software or adapt it to your own needs. Otherwise, you would have to write the whole software from scratch, line by line, trying it out and experimenting with it.

In the new era, with new software that can learn and improve itself, such as Learning Intelligence, machines with artificial intelligence can improve themselves and use different experiences and events by adding them to their knowledge repertoire.

F-16 flying without a pilot is a very good example of this.

Artificial intelligence does not use everyone's intelligence. It uses the solution styles made and prepared by people who are trained in their field. These important values are also found in the content of the software. Mistakes made by people who have no experience, i.e. who are not pilots, do not improve artificial intelligence.

Another issue is that someone using an artificial intelligence system does not need to know everything about the relevant subject. 

To give an example; to use GPS, the user does not need to know the orbits of satellites around the world and communication techniques.

The user gets in his car, turns on the GPS system.  He defines the place or address where he wants to go. When and how he wants to go, he evaluates these alternative routes. The GPS system tries to get him to his destination on time. Just as millions of drivers do without GPS. 

But this time, the aim is to reach the destination at the desired time and without getting lost. Of course, the most important thing for the driver to pay attention to is whether there is another city or address with the same name as the destination. In other words, if you are going to Kadıköy first, it is your job to know which Kadıköy is in which province and define it to your system.

As a result, artificial intelligence is actually the control of the variables of millions of events and experiences countless times. It is the process of processing the values received from the sensors to produce appropriate results and determining whether the current values are within the possible standard values.

Artificial intelligence helps you to the extent that you can multiply the resulting experiences and possible solutions. We can say that the more defined situations there are, the more successful artificial intelligence is. The more detailed software it has, the more successful Artificial Intelligence is. 

Today, artificial intelligence applications are used intensively in many areas such as defense, production and automation, including stock exchange software, together with human thinking ability.

In the future, we can say that applications will develop further in many new areas, including agriculture and space. 

References:

https://www.oracle.com/tr/artificial-intelligence/what-is-ai/

https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/179113

https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c51xrv477v5o