Is the Universe Really Expanding?

According to the classical doctrine, there was a Big Bang (big bang) and matter was born.

Then, gulons and quarks, which are the cornerstones of matter, came together to form atoms.

Then a dust cloud, a large nebula and the coming together of atoms, hydrogen, helium and stars. Exploding stars and the formation of planets, followed by the emergence of life, at least in our world.

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It was thought that the universe was in the expansion effect due to the big bang.

Where did this big bang theory come from?

Because in the observations made, distant stars and galaxies were moving away from us.

We observe the Doppler effect in these distant celestial bodies, and yes, we have realised that the universe is expanding. And this is not a very old information. 

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Albert Einstein was the first to calculate that the universe might be expanding. Even Einstein himself could not believe that what his calculations showed could be true. Therefore, he included a cosmological correction coefficient in his calculations.

The person who proved that the universe was expanding with his observations was Edwin Powell Hubble. In 1929, Hubble published his first observational study showing that the universe was expanding.

However, another astonishing thing was realised later on.

In the observations made, distant stars and galaxies were not travelling away from us at a constant speed or slowing down.

Today, the space telescope named after Edwin Powell Hubble has observed that the universe is not only expanding, but also expanding at an accelerating rate.

This information seems to have led to quite sensational ideas among scientists today.

So far, these are the classical theories known to enthusiasts.

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One of the questions is that the universe is expanding, but into what?

The void! Yes, the universe is probably expanding into a void outside the universe!

There is a void outside the universe that is much wider than the universe and our universe is expanding towards infinity in this void together with the matter in it!

Could it be that one day this expansion will stop with the gravitational effect of the matter and the universe will be gathered back to a single point?

This is indeed what was once thought. 

It was thought that the big bang started from a single point, and that one day the matter spread around with the effect of the explosion would gather back to a single point, and the matter would be compressed to the size of a particle.

However, the observations made so far do not show that such a thing can happen. 

Even very similar black holes have been discovered to emit radiation in some way.

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Today, on the other hand, it is observed that the universe is expanding at a much faster rate as it grows.

If there were to be a recovery, I think the expansion would have to slow down. But as I said, on the contrary, the expansion continues accelerating. 

It is as if something is pulling distant galaxies towards itself, like a vacuum effect, distant galaxies and stars are moving away from us much faster.

Could it be that the space outside the universe is creating such a vacuum effect?

It is possible, of course, but in order to have a vacuum effect, it seems that the vacuum must end somewhere and be surrounded by a hard boundary. Just like inside a sphere.

How else would there be a vacuum effect?

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I say vacuum effect, but this is only the opinion of a certain group of scientists. 

Couldn't something from inside the universe be pushing the distant stars out rapidly?

Look, that could be a possibility. Some scientists also think so.

When we talk about dark energy (although we have not yet been able to prove its existence because it is dark!), we also suspect the effects of something like matter that does not emit any light in our universe, that does not interact in any way with the matter we know. 

Of course, there is also dark matter, invisible, non-illuminating matter!

Is there really such a thing as dark matter?

According to some scientists, there is! They are trying to prove it.

These scientists say that calculations show that there must be such a dark matter in our universe.

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Could it be that this dark matter, which we call dark matter, is expanding our universe by emitting dark energy with an effect like a boiling effect within itself and pushing the distant galaxies outwards, moreover by accelerating them?

Look, this could also happen!

Does anyone have any other ideas?

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All these theories have not yet been proven in any way.

We only observe that our universe is accelerating and expanding for a reason we have not yet found. 

We observe it by detecting the shift in the light waves reaching us, which we call the Doppler effect.

In fact, we do not know that our universe is actually expanding; according to observations, it seems to be expanding because of the Doppler effect, but the part we observe is perhaps a very small part of the real universe. 

Therefore, in reality, these events may be things that can be called instantaneous in the dimensions of the universe, and the movements in the universe may be progressing in a completely different way.

We do not know this either. 

What we can get information about is light (when I say light, I do not mean only what can be seen with the human eye, we can also observe infrared and ultraviolet radiation with advanced telescopes, we can also observe x-rays, gamma radiation, but that's all!)

However, perhaps some stars are so far away that they cannot even transmit their light to us. They are so far away that maybe their light has not yet reached us!

We do not know that either. In other words, somewhere far away, perhaps there are sources of light that have not reached us, and the reason why the universe is expanding is perhaps a celestial body like a black hole of great size in this far away place!

I am talking about such distant places that perhaps humanity will never know their existence or non-existence.

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So what could this space beyond the universe really be like? 

There's space between the stars, is it something like that?

It's empty, an environment where nothing exists. 

There is no dimension, no time, no matter. 

In order to know whether something is before or after something else, there must be something we can compare. 

We call it a vacuum, an environment where nothing exists.

Even when we say environment, we are actually talking about the existence of something. Maybe it's not even an environment, but what we call emptiness.

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So how big is this empty space?

Quite big, probably! As I said, we don't know, we can't observe it. As we say that there may be celestial bodies that have not been able to reach us, this place we call the void is even beyond these invisible celestial bodies.

In fact, we can only guess that some of the matter in our universe may exist beyond the visible universe. Maybe in some hypothetical calculations, we only think that it should exist mathematically.

In other words, the calculations made for things of this magnitude are hypothetical calculations since their results cannot be proved to be correct. 

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In this sense, there are those who think that the expansion of the universe is also an illusion. 

Some scientists say that these results, which we can reach from such a distance and in such a short period of time (the period we scientifically analyse the universe in the cosmic dimension is actually quite short!

Even the mass of our Milky Way galaxy has not yet been calculated in all this time.

How can you do it? Is it possible to weigh the stars?

Are there planets around them? Do we know that?

Planets don't emit any light! If there is no light, it is very difficult to detect the presence of a planet! We do not yet have telescopes sensitive enough to catch the light they reflect.

The ones that have been detected have been detected by chance when they come between the star they revolve around and the earth.

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There are so many things in the universe that we don't know, perhaps we will never know, so no matter how logical it may be now, no matter how sure we are of what is happening, there is no guarantee that we will be able to understand the cause of an anomaly that will be observed tomorrow with the information we have.

Nevertheless, this is what science is like, in this journey of making sense of our existence, we march forward like a marching band, making one wrong and two right with scientific methods.

Maybe one day a new Einstein will come along and develop new formulae that will add meaning to some of the issues we cannot make sense of today about the universe.

Maybe the super artificial intelligences of tomorrow will do it!

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You never know, maybe this sky, which we call the universe, is not really expanding as some people say, it could be an illusion.

Confusing, isn't it?

Let me end this article by saying stay with science.

Love and respect to everyone from Moscow