Are anti-tank obstacles effective in stopping tanks?

In World War 1, wire obstacles were used for the first time in front of defence lines. These obstacles were reinforced by the withholding fire lines of machine guns and the barrage fire of artillery/air guns. As a result, the attacking infantry suffered many casualties and it became almost impossible for them to reach the defence lines.
Consequently, efforts were made to protect the infantry from artillery and machine-gun fire and to reach the enemy defences by crossing the wire obstacles without wasting much time. As a result of their intensive efforts in this direction, the British first built an armoured vehicle with a cannon and a machine gun. 
This vehicle not only provided protection against small arms fire and shrapnel from artillery shells, but could also hold a squad of soldiers. The code name of this new vehicle, which was referred to as ‘Tank’ in correspondence so that the Germans would not be aware of its existence, later became the name of the vehicle in the military literature of all countries. 
The tanks were used for the first time on the Western Front in Europe, and when they were seen on the battlefield, they created fear in German soldiers. Under the influence of this psychological pressure, the British broke through the front, but they could not move the tanks in depth because they could not develop appropriate concepts. 
Taking advantage of this, the Germans reorganised their defence lines further back and began to develop anti-tank weapons and obstacles against this new weapon. However, tank obstacles really took off during World War II.
Seeing the potential of tanks, the Germans formed armoured units and created new doctrines and concepts for these units. As a result, they won many short-term and decisive battles at the operative level from the beginning of the war. In response, obstacles were developed to stop or at least slow down tanks and armoured vehicles. 
However, no obstacle can protect defending units on its own. Because obstacles cannot even protect themselves. For this reason, obstacles were reinforced with artillery barrage, machine gun fire, anti-tank guns and mines. This made tank obstacles a major problem for armoured units.
As tank obstacles proved to be useful, they became part of military plans after World War II. They are still widely used and useful, as demonstrated in the Ukrainian War. This is because they are easy to manufacture and easy to use.
One of the most widely used tank obstacles is the so-called Czech hedgehog, also known as the hedgehog in our army. The obstacle is manufactured by welding steel or iron profiles together. Since civilian materials are used, the Ukrainians manufactured a large number of these in civilian workshops and placed them at the entrances of cities in the early days of the Russian offensive. 
These can be used on the roads against tanks, as well as in the water and on the shore against landing ships. As a matter of fact, it is understood from the images reflected in the media that such obstacles were also used on the coast of Odessa.
Hedgehog obstacles, although easy to construct, are not very effective because they can be pushed aside. Therefore, they must be supported by other obstacles and fire. In Ukraine, such obstacles were used in conjunction with walls made by removing road pavements and tank ditches made by digging up roads. 
They were also protected with small arms fire to hit Russian infantry who would dismount to pull the obstacles and with anti-tank weapons to hit armoured vehicles that would slow down when they reached the obstacles. In addition, IEDs were placed in the area of the obstacles.
Another common type of tank obstacle is concrete obstacles. These obstacles, which are manufactured in different shapes, are widely used in Ukraine today, especially in front of Russian defence lines. In front of the Russian defence lines, a tank ditch, which is too wide and deep for a tank to pass through, has been dug, and in front of it concrete obstacles have been constructed, placed continuously along the line. There are also minefields in front of the concrete obstacles. 
Like the hedgehog, these obstacles are not very effective when used alone. However, sometimes concrete obstacles are manufactured to be very large and can be more effective than normal obstacles. However, no matter how big and heavy they are, concrete obstacles can be moved or broken into smaller pieces by using explosives.
However, concrete obstacles can also be very effective when they are placed in multiple rows rather than individually or in a single row.
Concrete barriers placed in multiple rows, as shown in the picture above, can also be destroyed by blasting, but blasting is not a solution as it would require too much explosives and time. 
Multiple rows of concrete obstacles can be manufactured in different shapes, but the most commonly used shape is the pyramid-shaped ones called dragon's teeth. 
Although these are the most commonly used tank barriers, many different types of tank barriers have been used to date. In South Korea, for example, a wide variety of obstacles and traps, such as the one pictured below, are used and are considered to be very effective.

In fact, tank obstacles can be produced and used in a variety of ways as varied as the imagination of the human mind. Moreover, they do not have to be manufactured in a standardised manner or from a standardised material. Even the natural structure in a region can be changed and turned into an obstacle. For example, trees in an area can be cut down at a certain height, covered with branches, and then filled with stones and soil to form obstacles.
As shown below, simple materials manufactured for the construction of temporary base areas can also be used as tank obstacles if they are built high and wide enough.
Although they are not tank barricades, a barrier made of these materials can stop all kinds of armoured vehicles and tanks. Or at least slow them down.
The simpler barriers shown in the picture below, known as asparagus, are also very useful as tank barriers. These obstacles can also be used against coastal landing craft, such as the hedgehog obstacle.
The purpose of these obstacles is not to stop tanks, but to slow them down or divert them to the kill zone.
On the other hand, even the concrete bordor stones and concrete barriers placed on the roadsides, which we see everywhere in Ankara and you can see in the cities where you live, can be effective against tanks and armoured vehicles. As can be seen in the picture below, tanks that take these barriers seriously and do not approach at an appropriate angle can be neutralised.
In conclusion, tank obstacles can be used very effectively against tanks and armoured vehicles when supported by other obstacles, mines and fire. This is evident from the effective use of tank obstacles by the Russians, who, after capturing a large area of Ukraine, went on the defensive and built defensive positions along the line of contact. 
Indeed, the tanks and armoured vehicles of the Ukrainian army, which launched a general counter-offensive last summer, were slowed down by minefields and such obstacles and largely destroyed by UCAVs, PFVs, anti-tank guns and other support weapons. Thus, the offensive of the Ukrainian army ended in failure.