Controlling Energy: Part-3

History of Electricity:

I think we understand the energy a little bit now. It is not my aim to enter such deep energy formulas, but I think it would be useful to remember a little bit of the historical development of electricity, which is one of the most important energies that has entered our lives.

Let's see what stages the discovery and use of electricity went through.

In 1600, English Doctor William Gilbert used the Latin word "electricus", meaning "like the smell of amber", to describe the force exerted by certain substances when rubbed together. A few years later, another British scientist, Thomas Browne, first used the word "electricity" in one of his books to describe his research based on Gilbert's work.

In 1752, Benjamin Franklin proved that lightning and small electric sparks are the same thing in an experiment with a kite and an iron key in a stormy weather.

Then, with the work of many scientists in history, electricity finally entered our lives, albeit late. Italian physicist Alessandro Volta discovered that certain chemical reactions can generate electricity. That's why we call one of the values ​​we use when describing electricity, voltage. In 1831, Michael Faraday contributed a lot and found many practical solutions for generating electric current. Today, we build Faraday cages on buildings, especially in factories, to protect them from lightning. So we still use Faraday's practical solutions. Scottish inventor James Watt calculated the electrical power, we use the unit of watts to find the price of the electricity we use. The French mathematician Andre Ampere has worked on electric current, the amp is an electrical unit that we still use. The German mathematician and physicist George Ohm and many others made many contributions.

Finding the Bulb:

Then, Swan and Edison found the light bulb, and finally, with the help of American Serbian engineer Nikola Tesla industrialist supporter George Westinghouse, they made electricity, which is a part of our lives, available to humanity.

If you think before electricity, we used oils even for enlightenment. We used to call gas lamps and luxury when I was a kid, we used to light up with a picnic tube during power cuts. In Europe, candlelight was used more. They still use candles in churches today, the candle light that has become their culture.

I think a life without electricity today would be a nightmare for all of us.

We will return to the antagonism between Tesla and Edison and the subject of electricity, especially we will examine the electricity production in detail.

But now let's take a look at another energy. Here is chemical energy, that is, fossil fuels.

While these studies on electrical and magnetic energy continue, some other scientists have focused on another energy transformation. Conversion of chemical energy stored in nature first to heat energy and then to kinetic energy.

Industrial Revolution:

Acceleration in the industrial revolution begins in the 1860s. But dealing with steam goes way back. The first steam-powered machine was actually conceived by the Egyptian engineer Heron in Ancient Egypt. In AD 50, he succeeded in turning a sphere with steam output in opposite directions around a rod with the water he heated in it, in Alexandria. But his invention did not attract much attention at that time. The first useful invention on steam in Europe was the pressure cooker. French physicist Denis Papin discovered it in 1679.

But in 1698, British engineer Thomas Savery discovered the first steam engine, which works by first converting the heat energy obtained from fire into water vapor and the pressure of water vapor into kinetic energy in Europe. His machine was used to evacuate the water from the mine, named as the miner's friend. It was actually a steam-powered water pump. In 1884, steam engines were well developed and British engineer Charles Algernon Parsons built the first successful steam turbine.

Thanks to these studies, the industrial revolution started in Europe and they put the heat energy into the service of mankind through a more beneficial use other than heating.

Yes, when I say the industrial revolution, I mean steam locomotives, land trains, railcars, steamships.

The Effects of Industrialization on Language:

Actually, now means railway in French, but for some reason we used it with the meaning of train. We have forgotten this word now. It's a good thing we forgot anyway, because the train, the simendifer, and the locomotive have also been translated into our language from French, and the word qatar, which is taken from Arabic, is used instead of train by some, but the word qatar is mostly used in the sense of freight train. Wagon is also in English. There is no Turkish for ez-sentence fumigation.

Anyway, I'm always stuck with these foreign words, we didn't produce Turkish for anything, I feel sorry for him, they are all imported words. We use it by necessity, there is no way to express what we want to say otherwise.

Discovery of Petroleum:

Let's come to another revolution within the industrial revolution. To the discovery of the importance of oil!

After the development of steam technology, it was understood that oil is a more efficient fuel instead of burning wood or coal to produce steam.

Edwin Drake drilled the first real modern oil well in 1859 near Titusville, Pennsylvania. Until that day, the oil that had risen to the surface somehow caught the attention of people, but this is how the first underground oil well is recorded.

That's when the value of oil was understood. Europe set its sights on the Ottoman lands, where the main oil resources were located. These lands should pass under European control. This process is actually the beginning of the events leading to the hidden reasons behind the first world war.

What Did We Do While These Developments In The World?

We were in the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid at that time, in fact, we are aware that the era has changed. But the empire of all these years is in a period of stagnation due to the incompetence and complacency of the rulers.

In the empire, which remained from the requirements of the age, the Tanzimat edict was read in 1839, and efforts began to adapt a little bit to the age. But our main problem in those days was that we were very tired from the wars. There is no one to reason with oil. After the Tanzimat edict, the Islahat Edict was declared in 1856 to give new rights to non-Muslims and to attract Europe to our side.

Finally, the Crimean war with the Russians comes to an end and the Paris Agreement is signed. Although we were victorious on paper, we had huge losses. The Ottoman Empire has entered a period of collapse and is unaware of anything.

While the empire was struggling to heal its own war wounds, these years were actually the years when the value of oil was appreciated by the Europeans. The oil wars have already begun.

After the death of Sultan Abdulmecid, his brother Sultan Abdulaziz came to the throne and he declared the Sultan Abdulaziz edict so that Europe could help the empire, which was in trouble from the wars. But the efforts to reform this state did not benefit, on the contrary, the concessions made to Europe accelerated the collapse of the state.

Now the rich oil fields in the imperial lands are the main target of Europe. The palace, unaware of this hidden purpose, did not follow the technological developments in Europe sufficiently, and they still continued to believe that they were still a world empire, that scientists would be supported and knowledgeable generations would be raised. Raising a religious generation in madrasas continued as a priority education. I think the same mistakes are made by the management today.

The Western World's Supremacy:

Today, Europe and America seem to have achieved their goal. Rich oil resources are now under their control. But we can say that this process started with the construction of oil-powered engines and the use of oil in industry.

As if Europe had already passed Üsküdar, which took the horse back in those years, it now begins to dominate the world with the speed and power provided by technology.

Working rapidly on technology in those days, Europe first made geographical discoveries for resources.

On the other hand, with the combustion of petroleum products in pistons instead of steam engines, the cars we use today have internal combustion engines and are being developed. It is then produced in factories and put into use.

Yes, the industrial revolution has now been completed, the age of industry and technology has begun.

Engine Technology:

In fact, fossil fuel engines have still been produced with the same working principle since the day they were first developed.

All the studies and developments made so far are only on making more efficient engines without changing the working principle. Different engine types have been developed by making minor changes without changing the main principle in order to use different fossil fuels.

For example, while continuous ignition is required in gasoline engines, the ignition system has been changed in diesel engines as explosion may occur in the piston due to compression. Different methods have been developed for the cooling of the engine, some with water and some with air. Solutions were sought for more efficient engines. Turbo engines have been developed, which are more efficient by recycling and re-burning the exhaust gas. There are motors with different cylinder numbers, and there are motors with V-type and W-type axes of cylinder axes. They are all different types and the aim is to find more efficient engines. The subject is still being worked on.

One of these studies resulted in the discovery of a different engine type. Instead of reciprocating engines, jet engines using the rotary system were found by slightly changing and improving the working system.

This is how the era of giant jet-powered airplanes began. Jet-powered airplanes are faster and more powerful than propeller airplanes. Maybe there is some work being done to develop new engines for airplanes, but I haven't heard of a more powerful jet engine being developed yet.

In other words, there is no such rapid development in technology on the basis of principles. The principles are always the same, piston or rotary engines. It seems to me that everyone is trying to produce engines with less fuel consumption, more powerful, maybe more environmentally friendly, maybe quieter, more efficient, and we are revolving around the same principle, even if something better comes out every day.

Conclusion:

So what have we done in these technology stages? Nothing! We just love to buy and use. As a country, maybe we produce spare parts, we have started to do something for military purposes in recent years, but unfortunately we have no contribution to civilization in the development of a new technology.

Let's put a comma here today. Tomorrow we will continue on the use of electrical energy.

Love and regards from Moscow