The Forgotten Pulpit in the Universe

Earth Centric Universe

An earth-centered model of the universe (geocentrism) is a fantastic reflection of "human selfishness." Let everything revolve around me!

This world, with manifested "selfishness", "established order" behind it, opposed innovations with the logic of "I have existed for a long time, what's going on with these new ones" and preferred the way of becoming obsolete by becoming cruel.

Static Earth Centrism, since Eudoxus, Aristotle and Ptolemy, has wanted to be recognized as the only truth, by taking the Church behind it. This is the official ideology of the church for 1500 years. As a matter of fact, they temporarily succeeded, as in the examples of "Bruno, whom they burned with an iron mask on his face because he would speak the truth, even in the last moment," by the inquisition, and Galileo, who turned his death sentence into life imprisonment with the denial of "The world does not turn". However, this did not prevent the Earth from rotating on its axis, nor could it prevent its rotation around the Sun.

Change from Ptolemy to Tusi Interactive Copernicus

Ptolemy, said to be of Greek or Jewish origin, is an Egyptian Alexandrian. His book “The Great Composition” is a Hiparkus-based compilation of astronomical knowledge of the Greek and Babylonian civilizations. While translated from Arabic into Latin, it was influenced by this language and named as "Almagest". The "Earth-Centered Model of the Universe" is recommended in the work. According to this model, which suggests that the earth is stationary and immobile, other planets, the sun and the moon revolve around the earth.

This model was accepted as a valid model in the Western world until Copernicus's "Sun Centric Model", which Tusi influenced critically. The existence of the Earth-Centered Model of the Universe as the only dominant model of explanation has to be adopted by the church as its official view of the universe. Power has degenerated into "dogmatized" wrong and "the correctness of the model has acquired a kind of indisputable status".

Rome Wasn't Founded in a Day

The truth has emerged over a long period of time. Earth is not the center of the universe. Even the heliocentric system whose reality is revealed is not the center of the universe. However, one fact should be emphasized: Planets revolve around the Sun.

Tusi interactive had information about the pre-Copernican Solar System. He says this himself.

Aristarchus, the Alexandrian-educated mathematician, stated in an article that Archimedes opposed him, saying that the planets revolved around the Sun (superficial) 1800 years before Copernicus.

Turkish Al-Biruni from Harezm, who put forward his first ideas on the theory of gravity 700 years before Newton, defended the idea that the "earth rotates" as a result of his observations with the telescopes he developed. This was also 600 years before Galileo confirmed that the planets revolved around the sun. To the question Copernicus could not answer, if the Earth rotates, why the trees and stones do not jump, Biruni explained it with a gravity in the center of the earth. He even predicted that there was a land behind the seas (Today's America). He influenced Tusi, Ali Kuşçu, Newton, Torricelli, Copernicus and Galilei.

Turkish leader and astronomer Uluğ Bey, who detected the Sun, Moon and other planets in the observatory he founded, found that a year was 365 days and 6 hours a century before Copernicus with a margin of error of 15 seconds.

There is one more point that we need to go up on the pulpit and shout: "The solar system and the 9 planets were both spherical, embroidered 623 years ago so that they would not be denied by Kadızade-i Rumi and Molla Fenari".

Of course, Rome was not built in a day.

Kadızade-i Rumi and Molla Fenari and the Solar System Model in the Bursa Grand Mosque Minbar

While preparing this article, I traveled to Bursa, one of the symbols of the Ottoman Empire. The Great Mosque was built in 1399 and is one of the must-see places in Istanbul, such as the Hagia Sophia Mosque. But I never thought that this important place for the history of art would also be important for the history of science. Moreover, who would have known that this would be related to the article I wrote?

When I entered the room, I saw what the lady who was the host said. I was excited like Feyzi Ülgü, a retired teacher who first noticed the solar system in Ulucami's pulpit in 1980: “I saw that there are nine planets and the sun.” This pulpit was built in 1399. When you look at the eastern side of the pulpit, the planets Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto are visible.The 8 planets of the solar system (around the Sun) revolve in the same plane with the same angle, Pluto is different with different angles. circulates in the plane.”

It was considered that Kadızade-i Rumi and Molla Fenari "given this minbar to Devaklı Abdülazizoğlu Mehmet, the master of this pulpit, to process this system".

It is known that a Turkish theologian and scientist "Molla Fenari's manuscript astronomy book is in England". It is now imperative that it be brought and examined. Because the "Europe of the Church", which fixed the world for 1500 years, left the habit of blackening information to the "Europe of the Enlightenment" for 300 years and unfortunately darkened this enormous contribution of the Turkish world, which was the bright side of the Middle Ages, to science.

However, including the Solar System Model on the Minbar of the Great Mosque, “This work is an artifact that should be among the 7 wonders of the world and that we should protect like our eyes.”

Conflict Climate and Causes of the Earth-Centered Universe and the Solar System

Nikola Copernicus was an intellectual who received a traditional education in scholastic schools in medieval philosophy. His strength was his ability to look critically. In the light of these thoughts, he established a system that centers the Sun and circles the Earth around the Sun like a planet, 155 years after the pulpit in Bursa in Europe. However, this Church-centered Europe also caused deep conflicts. So why?

The primary cause of conflict between people and ideas on a scientific issue is the interests of interest groups protected by the approach adopted and ancient selfishness.

Isaac Asimov, in his History of Science and Inventions, described the transition from the Earth-Centered Universe to the Solar System Model, though not including the enormous contributions elsewhere on Earth: “Copernicus hesitated to publish his theory and calculations; because he knew that the Earth-centered theory was believed by the Church to be compatible with the Bible”. The church was shaken, the truth was veiled. “Therefore he quietly circulated his book in manuscript form only”. While saying this, Asimov, who continued his Church egoism in his genetics, did not realize that he had made the mistake of being born "Eurocentric Science and the World". He ignored other great inventions, did not see them, and perhaps could not bear their presence.

But the truth had a side to come out: Just like the 1399 Model of the Solar System on the Pulpit of the Great Mosque, “he was finally persuaded by his excited friends to publish the book. It was called De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the revolution of the celestial bodies). The book was published in 1543. The author took two wise steps to avoid opposing the Church and the Pope:

“For the book of Copernicus to be soothing, Pope Paul III. Dedicated to Paul.
He wrote the book in such a scientific way that no one could read it except for deeply knowledgeable astronomers.

However, "the story is that Copernicus died on the day the first edition of the book was given to him."

Perhaps this step, which we have included as the third, could have saved him from the fate that will befall Bruno and Galileo in a century despite all these steps.

It was selfish and a conflict of interest that the Earth-Centered Cosmology Model became the official view of the Church and that opposition to this cosmology was perceived as opposing religion. However, this view also had its own strengths:

Ptolemy had also succeeded in supporting the Geocentric Model mathematically.
This model also had considerable success in explaining celestial phenomena.
There was a confidence that came with this relative success.
There was an emotional attachment to the model.
Despite the complete opposite, our perceptions were also witnessing that the Earth stood motionless at the center of the universe and the sky revolved around us in twenty-four hours.

On the other hand, there were some things Copernicus did not know. For example, when the motion of the Earth was accepted, there was no physics knowledge to answer the emerging problems, and therefore, unlike Biruni, Uluğ Bey, and Kadızade-i Rumi and Molla Fenari, Copernicus did not have a solution.

Also, as we mentioned above, Copernicus was not the first person to suggest that the Earth was moving, and he was fed by his predecessors. The Solar System Theory was later developed empirically by Galileo and theoretically by Kepler. There were parts that were missing and needed to be completed. Al-Tusi's critique of Ptolemy's Moon model in his Tezkire is still guiding: "The state of a sphere, which is forced into a regular motion around an axis that does not pass through its center, is a physical impossibility."

As a result, established orders may be scholastic under the name of church or enlightenment. While one paralyzes the spherical moving world and flattens it with a sledgehammer, the other puts Europe at the center of the universe and science, further lowering the understanding that puts the fixed Earth at the center of the universe. He does not see, does not hear, does not speak the truth. And unfortunately, this power-based understanding, like the COVID 19 virus, affects all continents with its different variants.

The Solar System Model of Kadızade-i Rumi and Molla Fenari, dated 1399, on the pulpit of Bursa Great Mosque, addresses the history of science with a high pitch: JUSTICE… JUSTICE… JUSTICE…:

There are 9 planets around the Sun and they all rotate around their axes. The world is not flat. The sun brings the spring by rotating around it, and the mornings by rotating around itself.

Do not say that the dimensions are not exact, that the distances are not perfectly placed… A pulpit cannot be for kilometers: 'If there is no symmetry in wooden decorations on a large surface, there is a message in that structure': Just as it symbolizes the Sun with 9 planets around it when engraving.