Civil Wing of Our War of Independence: Mazhar Müfit Kansu from Kastamonu

War of Independence and Three Books

The War of Independence is a national struggle.

There are three important books that tell him firsthand.

The first one is “The Speech” that everyone knows but most people don't read.

It was written by Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of our Republic.

It is found in most homes. It used to be known as "Discourse".

It's not a memoir, it's an ideology. His language is heavy.

The second memoir book was written by Kazım Karabekir.

Most people don't know.

Few people have read it.

My teacher Sina Akşin used to interpret the title of this book as a reproach of Karabekir Pasha.

My reproach is that we came to Anatolia earlier, Erzurum Congress is our work, but now our esam is not read:

(Our) “Our War of Independence.”

This book is an improved version of the book "Principles of Our War of Independence", which was banned in 1933 and released the year I was born (1968).

The third book, on the other hand, is a little-known and widely read book.

This memoir, titled "Together with Atatürk From Erzurum Until His Death", has a structure that sheds light on the tension (Speech-Anti Speech) between the first two.

Although this is not its purpose, important explanations between the lines are engraved in history.

Mazhar Müfit Kansu wrote his small notes as a memento, published them when and to the extent Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) allowed, and was later published as a book under these restrictions.

Surely, other memoirs from this period were also published, but the last book is a very important source for the years of the National Struggle.

Civil Leg of the National Struggle: Mazhar Müfit Kansu

Kastamonu Mazhar Müfit Kansu is the civilian leg of our War of Independence.

He takes part in the trilogy with Mustafa Kemal and Kazım Karabekir.

He is one of the first three.

But he has a special place in this trio as he is the only civilian.

He is not a soldier, but a politician and professional administrator (B. 1873, Denizli - D. 1948, Istanbul).

Ahmet Mahzar Müfit Kansu, the civilian wing of our War of Independence, is the son of Süleyman Müfit Bey from Kastamonu.

After graduating from Edirne High School (Middle School) and Istanbul Mulkiye School (1891), he taught history and mathematics in Edirne High School (High School).

After 1897, he worked as a civil servant in the state service and until 1908, he served as the district governor of Havza, Çorlu, Çisriergene and Xanthi.

After and after this date, he was the governor of Komotini, Lazistan, Mersin, Izmit and Balikesir, and in 1918 he was appointed as the governor of Bitlis, which had just been liberated from the Russian invasion.

He was elected as a member of the Representative Committee at the Sivas Congress. As soon as the delegation arrived in Ankara, it went to Istanbul at the request of Mustafa Kemal to attend the last Mebusan, which was convened in Istanbul at this time. He participated in the activities of the Felah-ı Vatan Group.

Kansu, who was interested in politics as well as his administration, was among the members of the Committee of Union and Progress. Later, with the sign of Mustafa Kemal, he entered the Parliament as a Hakkari Deputy.

He was the person who met with Vahdeddin on behalf of the Representative Committee and offered him to go to Anatolia.

When Istanbul was occupied and the Parliament was closed, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was open when Kansu came to Beirut by ship, then to Silifke and finally to Ankara by land.

Mazhar Müfit Kansu from Kastamonu is the rare and only War of Independence actor who takes part in the legislative, executive and judicial authorities from beginning to end.

While he was serving as a Hakkari Deputy in the first Ankara Parliament, he continued his political life as a Denizli Deputy between 1923 and 1939, and as a Çoruh Deputy between 1939-46.

While he was a Hakkari Deputy, he was also appointed as the Governor of Elazig. While presiding at the Eastern Independence Court in 1925, he also performed his judicial duties.

Mazhar Müfit Kansu was with Mustafa Kemal not only during the National Struggle but also during the Republican years.

It forms the civil wing of the national struggle.

It is from Kastamonu.

His memoirs, which he published in the newspaper Son Telegraf on March 4, 1948, were published as a two-volume book (1966-68) with the title "From Erzurum to His Death Together with Atatürk" after his death.

During the War of Independence and the Republic, it showed a complete Western Black Sea reflex.

It is impossible not to see this between the lines of the sources.

Who is Kastamonu Mazhar Müfit Kansu?

The Battle of Çanakkale is the work of İsmail Enver Pasha of Kastamonu, the Conqueror of Edirne. He is the Commander-in-Chief.

The War of Independence is the masterpiece of Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha. Because He is the Commander-in-Chief.

But the architects of these two victories, which were very important in the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic, are undoubtedly the Great Turkish Nation itself.

Therefore, our Çanakkale Victory is glorious.

Our War of Independence is a magnificent victory.

Western Black Sea people are the essence of both victories.

It deserves not one but a thousand rounds of applause.

Ahmet Mazhar Müfit Kansu from Kastamonu has a special place in our War of Independence and in the Republican administration. Because it is the civil wing of the struggle. He is also from the Western Black Sea Region, and he clearly showed this Western Black Sea reflex both in his internal political attitudes and in displaying an honorable stance against the outside.

Mazhar Müfit Kansu, who represented the civil wing in the struggle for independence and the ideal of the Republic, was influential in Mustafa Kemal Pasha's resignation from military duty and his participation in the Erzurum Congress. In fact, with the jacket given by Münir Bey, the governor of Erzurum, and the fez as a gift from Mazhar Müfit, he transferred M. Kemal to the civil wing and elected him a member of the Congress and thus the president.

Kansu is a statesman who resigned from his duty as governor and took notes of the War of Independence and the years of the Atatürk Republic one by one and kept these notes in locked safes as we mentioned below. Mustafa Kemal did not share them with anyone, partially or completely, without permission, and always meticulously maintained his trustworthiness against the Pasha:

-“You are feared, Mazhar, from the very first day you have noted everything we have. At least keep them in a good, solid safe.” Saying to Mustafa Kemal, "Don't worry, my Pasha, everyone keeps their money in the bank vault, I keep my notes," he declared that his ideal was a complete republican administration and that he did not value money.

Mazhar Müfit was a republican lover. He always asked Mustafa Kemal about the management style of the new state to be established. He was very excited when he heard the word Republic. When Mahmut Esat Bozkurt asked when the idea of ​​the Republic was first declared, M. Kemal Atatürk:

- Learn this from the mazhar Müfit... he recorded all the events from day to day. He said.

Mazhar Müfit Kansu from Kastamonu was a lover of the Republic and a patriot. Neither lettering, fez, caliphate, nor veiling attracted his attention, and he even saw M. Kemal as a dreamer in this regard. As a matter of fact, he explains this situation in his book as follows: “We were together the night before. There were also Necati Bey, Vasıf Bey, Yunus Nadi Bey, Mahmut Esat Bey and other friends. Mustafa Kemal Pasha laughed and said, 'O children, we will declare a republic tomorrow'. And he turned to me: 'The time has come for the Republic, which you have not spoken since Erzurum. Tomorrow, you can talk about the Republic as much as you want.' Of course, we were all very pleased.”

Mazhar Müfit helped Mustafa Kemal a lot with his diplomatic and determined attitude. Colonel Rawlinson, whom he referred to as “Lord Gurzon's nephew, the British state's prostitute military representative and the commander of the Erzurum occupation forces, Colonel Rawlinson," who was the governor of the occupation forces with his 10 soldiers, "To prevent Colonel from giving a negative answer and angering the Pasha even more, I was there too. I immediately opened the room door and

- Please. colony

I showed him the door, and surely, under the guidance and influence of the Pasha's high will that kept his interlocutors captive, Colonel walked out of the room I opened without a word and with a pale yellow face.” He confirms this with his memory.

Mazhar Müfit's judicial duty was entrusted with a vote of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on March 16, 1925 and announced the next day: "According to the result that was determined on March 17, Mazhar Müfit Bey, who received 97 of the 117 votes cast, was elected as the chairman. During this election, Abdullah Bey stated that the name of the court was not the "Independence Court of the Province of Sarkiye", but the "Court of Independence of the Revolt Zone", and this request was approved.”

President Gazi Mustafa Kemal issued a statement on March 8, 1925, addressing the "Nation, Army and Officials". The publication of the statement coincided with the day after the National Assembly accepted the establishment of the Independence Courts of Ankara and the Rebellion Region.

There were two main issues on the basis of both regulations:

Firstly, the integrity of the homeland was in danger, and secondly, the Republic administration was wanted to be destroyed. These two perceptions were the most important issue in Mazhar Müfit's acceptance of the Presidency of the "Insurgency Zone Independence Court". Of course, the tensips of the chief of the republic, with whom he was with and worked faithfully from Erzurum until his death, were also completing his triple trivet.

In this case, which resulted in the execution of 47 of the 49 death sentences, the President of the Court, Mazhar Müfit Bey, treated all the defendants with respect and used expressions such as you, your sheikh, and his lordship in his address to the defendants.

After that, the Law of Takrir-i Sukun would remain in force for four years.

As a result, Ahmet Mazhar Müfit Kansu from Kastamonu is an actor from the Western Black Sea who took part in the planning, implementation and conclusion stages of our War of Independence as well as in the planning-project, decision and implementation stages of the Republic.

It constitutes the civilian wing of the War of Independence.

Bil act took part in all of the legislative, executive and judicial authorities.

He is a person full of republican love and patriotism.

His love for the Republic and homeland is so great that it caused him not to be interested in the rest of Atatürk's Principles and Revolutions.

Footnotes:

  Kansu, Mazhar Müfit, (2019). Erzurum’dan Ölümüne Kadar Atatürk’le Beraber, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 6. Cilt. S. 72-73. Burada: bir mektuba cevabında “… Mahmut Esat Bozkurt’a mektubu göndermeden önce Büyük Ata’ya merhumun mektubundan bahsederek sordum: - cevap vermeme müsaade ediyor musunuz? Çünkü, Ata hatıratımın ve notlarımın neşri hususunda kendisinden izin almadıkça herhangi bir teşebbüste bulunmamaklığımı daha önceden emir buyurmuşlar ve:-Henüz notlarını neşretmenin zamanı gelmedi. Demişlerdi. Bunun içindir ki müsaadelerini ve muvafakatlerini rica etmek zorundaydım. Ata: hay hay. Yalnız Onu… diyerek müsaadelerini sağladılar. ”Kansu anılarını şifreli kasada saklardı.

  Biyografik bilgiler şu eserden alınmıştır: Tan, Nail ve Tan, Özdemir, (2005). Gurur Kaynağımız Kastamonulular V. İstanbul.  

  Kansu, Mazhar Müfit, (2019). Erzurum’dan Ölümüne Kadar Atatürk’le Beraber, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 6. Cilt.I. S. 77. 

  Kansu, Mazhar Müfit, (2019). Erzurum’dan Ölümüne Kadar Atatürk’le Beraber,  Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 6. Cilt.I. S. 73. 

  Mustafa Kemal’in milli mücadeleye başlarken hedefi milli egemenlik ilkesine dayalı yeni bir devlet kurmak olmasına rağmen bu tarihi akışı açığa vurmaktan çekinmiş, ileride olabileceklerin tartışma konusu yapılmasının, işgale karşı yapılan Savaşı yıpratmasını istememişti. 7-8 Temmuz 1919 gecesi Mahzar Müfit Bey’in anı defterine yazdırdığı notlar yapılacak her yeniliğin sırası ve zamanı olduğunu göstermektedir. “Bir; Zaferden sonra devlet şekli Cumhuriyet olacaktır. İki; padişah ve hanedan hakkında zamanı gelince, gereken işlem yapılacaktır. Üç; tesettür kalkacaktır. Dört; fes kalkacak, medeni milletler gibi şapka giyilecektir. Beş; Latin harfleri kabul edilecektir.” Bunların hayal olduğunu söyleyerek inanmadığını hissettiren Mazhar Müfit Bey’e, “Cumhuriyet ilanında başarılı olalım da üst tarafı yeter.” diyerek değişim inancını belirtmişti. 

Kutlu, Hakan (2007). Şark İstiklal Mahkemesinde 1925-1927 Döneminde Takrir-İ Sükun Kanununun Uygulanması T.C. İnönü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s. 2-3. 

http://abakus.inonu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11616/10990/226990.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

  http://blog.milliyet.com.tr/sekli-idare-cumhuriyet-olacak/Blog/?BlogNo=612906 

  Kuşkusuz 20 Temmuz 1335 ile 7-8 temmuz 1335 tarihleri arasında anlam bakımından ya da tarih itibariyle bir tezat bulunmaktadır. Eğer Rumi/Miladi/Şemsi tarihlerle ilgili bir karmaşa yoksa, Mazhar Müfit Kansu’nun bu durumu açıklaması gerekir. Elbette ölü birinden bu beklenemeyeceğine göre yayıncı kuruluş bu duruma bir açıklama getirmelidir. En azından anı defterinin ilgili bölümleri aynen yayınlanmalıdır. 

Aksi takdirde anı defteri ya da anıyı yazan ile ilgili derin şüpheler ortaya çıkar. Bkz. Kansu, Mazhar Müfit, (2019). Erzurum’dan Ölümüne Kadar Atatürk’le Beraber, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 6. Cilt. 

S. 73-4 ve s. 130-132 arasındaki diyaloglar tarih ve anlam yönüyle yeniden değerlendirilmelidir. 

  Kansu, Mazhar Müfit, (2019). Erzurum’dan Ölümüne Kadar Atatürk’le Beraber, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 6. Cilt.II. S. 595.

  Kansu, Mazhar Müfit, (2019). Erzurum’dan Ölümüne  Kadar Atatürk’le Beraber,  Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 6. Cilt. S. 45.

  Mahiye Morgül  (29 Temmuz 2019)Erzurum'un İngiliz Valisi Rawlinson'u Unutmayalım https://www.mersintercuman.com/?p=y5319

  Kutlu, Hakan (2007). Şark İstiklal Mahkemesinde 1925-1927 Döneminde Takrir-İ Sükun Kanununun Uygulanması T.C. İnönü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s. 114-5. 

  Kutlu, Hakan (2007). Şark İstiklal Mahkemesinde 1925-1927 Döneminde Takrir-İ Sükun Kanununun Uygulanması T.C. İnönü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s. 115-6. 

  Kutlu, Hakan (2007). Şark İstiklal Mahkemesinde 1925-1927 Döneminde Takrir-İ Sükun Kanununun Uygulanması T.C. İnönü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s. 156.