Freedom Carved in Stone and Bronze, Dokuz Eylül Monuments in Izmir

On the night of 14 May 1919, with the hope that a monument befitting Izmir would be erected in Bahri Baba Park, where the seeds of resistance to imperialism were sown...

As an academic working on Izmir, every 15 May and 9 September, I am overcome with a sense of unease: repeating the known. For this reason, when it is my turn to speak on those days, I touch upon aspects of the occupation and liberation of Izmir that I believe are either unknown or less well known. When Ms Dilek Gappi, from the Izmir Journalists' Association, asked me to write for the 9 September special supplement you are holding, I wanted to introduce a monument-sculpture and some memorials erected in Izmir during the early republican period.

Why? Because my generation has witnessed so many unfortunate events since the coup d'état of 12 September 1980 concerning the Turkish War of Independence and its leader. We witnessed the erection of numerous aesthetically lacking Atatürk statues and busts here and there, commissioned to curry favour with the US-sanctioned coup leader Kenan Evren. We heard a shameless individual, who had become the representative of the nation, say, "There was no war with the Turks in the Aegean in Greek history. One of the most important wars in our history was the war against the Greeks. We visited the martyrs' graves at the National Security Academy. All the martyrs' graves are symbolic.‘ We saw the fools who, donning a coat, hat and cane, declared, ’I am the embodiment of Atatürk‘; we saw the dishonourable ones who said, ’I wish the Greeks had won‘ or ’the republic was just an interlude." It didn't end there. We also saw the President who fell ill every 29 October and 10 November to avoid going to Anıtkabir; the poor public officials who did not mention Atatürk's name or did not allow it to be mentioned on the anniversary of the Gallipoli Campaigns and on 30 August Victory Day. We all know very well that there is more.

On 15 May 1919, when the skies darkened, the people of Izmir lost their freedom. Approximately three and a half years later, on 9 September 1922, they regained it thanks to the Grand National Assembly Army, led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, which entered Izmir. For this reason, the only date worthy of celebration and commemoration for Izmir residents is 9 September, and the price paid for this joyous and auspicious day was truly immense. The monument-statue I will introduce in this article belongs to the martyred journalist Hasan Tahsin Bey, who, on 15 May 1919, showered the occupiers with bullets and became a monument of pride for the Turkish people, Turkey and Izmir. All the memorials adorned with monuments are the eternal resting places of the heroic Mehmetçik soldiers who fell as martyrs at the gates of Izmir on the morning of 9 September 1922. These places, which serve to remember and remind us of their sacred memory, are a slap in the face to those who seek to diminish and belittle our nation's struggle for freedom, which is engraved in world history, including academics and some ignorant people and their accomplices.

1. First Bullet Monument (Hasan Tahsin Statue)

It is located in Atatürk Square in the Konak District. Hasan Tahsin Bey was martyred in this square, which the people of Izmir call ‘Konak Square’. In 1961, a large inscription was placed in Atatürk Square to commemorate Hasan Tahsin Bey and other soldiers and civil servants who were martyred during the occupation of Izmir. This rectangular plaque, covered with marble, featured a half-moon-shaped olive branch in its lower left corner and depicted a bayonet pointing upwards. The inscription read as follows:

IN MEMORY OF THE HEROIC MARTYRS WHO SPILLED THEIR BLOOD FOR THE HONOUR AND INDEPENDENCE OF TURKISHNESS ON THE MORNING OF 15 MAY 1919, WHEN İZMİR WAS INVADED.

15 MAY 1961

JOURNALIST HASAN TAHSİN BEY.

COLONEL SÜLEYMAN FETHİ BEY.

DISTRICT GOVERNOR DR. ŞÜKRÜ BEY.

CAPTAIN HÜSEYİN NECATİ BEY.

CAPTAIN NAZIM BEY.

CAPTAIN AHMET BEY.

DOCTOR FEHMİ BEY.

Second Lieutenant Faik Bey.

Distinguished Nadir Bey.

Distinguished Ahmet Hamdi Bey.

The First Bullet Monument was the result of a donation campaign launched by the İzmir Journalists' Association (İGC) in 1972, and its name was given by the General Staff. When it was opened by President Fahri Korutürk on 15 May 1974, it was located at the corner of the Izmir Municipality building on Atatürk Square, on the Yalı Mosque side, and probably on the site of the marble-covered inscription I mentioned above. In 2000, during the construction of the İzmir Metro Konak Station, Atatürk Square was redesigned as part of a project by architect and urban planner Ersen Gürsel in 2003, and the monument-sculpture was moved to the corner of the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality on the sea side. During this process, the base of the Hasan Tahsin Statue was renewed, and it was reopened with a ceremony on 15 May 2003.

The bronze statue of the First Bullet Monument was created by sculptor Turgut Pura, who also served as director of the Izmir State Museum of Painting and Sculpture for a period. The statue, cast at the Mithatpaşa Boys' Art Institute (now an industrial vocational high school in Konak), stands three metres and forty centimetres tall. Upon Pura's announcement that he had completed a plaster model of the statue at a scale of 1:1, a jury was formed on 7 February 1973, chaired by Prof. Hüseyin Gezer from the State Academy of Fine Arts. The jury, consisting of Associate Professor Tamer Başoğlu from the same academy, Nejat Akkan, Art Teacher at the Izmir Education Institute, Bülent Akgürgen, Municipal Planning Director, Sabri Süphandağlı on behalf of the Journalists' Association, and Süha Tekil, examined the model in terms of style and overall structure and found it to be satisfactory. However, as an element that could convey the idea of initiating the national struggle, it deemed it appropriate for the Turkish flag to be included in the composition. While the artist was making the requested alterations, the IGC applied to Admiral Celal Eyiceoğlu, Commander of the Naval Forces, for the provision of the bronze required for the monument-sculpture, valued at approximately 100,000 lira.

...Article 1/6 of Law No. 1176 stipulates that surplus property of the Turkish Armed Forces may be given to public institutions by decision of the Council of Ministers. Therefore, I regret to inform you that I am unable to fulfil your request, despite my desire to do so...

...he had received this response. Following this development, the Society's initiative with Prime Minister Ferit Melen and State Minister Doğan Kitaplı yielded results. By a decision of the Council of Ministers dated 23 January 1973, two surplus propellers, removed from a (b) class ship decommissioned by the Naval Forces Command and stored at the Gölcük Shipyard Command, were donated to the Association.

The İzmir Municipality also made a significant contribution to the First Bullet Monument. The municipal budget committee, which reviewed the IGC's proposal dated 31 May 1972 and numbered 667, deemed it appropriate to contribute 100,000 lira for ‘... the erection of a monument in Konak Square in honour of the heroic and martyred journalist Hasan Tahsin...’. To this end, it was decided to open a section in the 1972 fair expenditure budget ‘under the name of aid to the IGC and to transfer this money to the IGC from the reserve fund in section 12/3’. The municipal council not only approved this decision, but Mayor Osman Kibar even promised additional funds if necessary.

In the donation campaign, which I found extremely successful, the total amount of money donated by official/private institutions and individuals was 771,783.87 lira. This total rises to 983,111.87 lira when the 100,000 lira made by the Izmir Municipal Council in exchange for a letter of guarantee and the 111,328 lira in Regional, Field and Federation shares, which were pledged not to be collected at the football tournament organised in the name of Hasan Tahsin but have not yet been transferred, are included.

The cover image shows the First Bullet Monument (1974).

The pedestal of the monument-sculpture, which is two metres high (total height five metres forty centimetres) and where commemorative ceremonies are held every 15 May, was designed by architect Harbi Otan. Currently, the base, which rises on a platform accessed by a few steps and is covered with red granite, is quite different from its original state (before being moved). Previously, the base was covered with tile slabs in a blend of green, black and white. The inscription ‘İLK KURŞUN’ (FIRST BULLET), cast in bronze, can be read on the front of the pedestal, and on either side of the front, there were four blocks, two of which rose to the level of the statue's waist. This inscription and three of the blocks have been removed from the current pedestal.

On the side faces of the pedestal, as in its original form, there are bronze reliefs covering both faces entirely. Cast at Necati Başoğlu's workshop in Nazilli, the relief on the left side depicts a Turkish woman being beaten with rifle butts by two efzons (Greek soldiers in national dress) and a Turkish man trying to rescue her, in accordance with the General Staff's suggestion that ‘while giving a prominent place to Hasan Tahsin, it would also be beneficial to reflect the Greek atrocities of that day...’ Accordingly, it depicts a Turkish woman being beaten with rifle butts by two Ephesians (Greek soldiers in national dress) and a Turkish man trying to rescue her. The relief on the right side depicts Turkish cavalry charging into Izmir.

First Bullet Monument, left side relief

First Bullet Monument, right side relief

The sculpture on the First Bullet Monument depicts the moment when Hasan Tahsin Bey fired bullets at the Greek soldiers. Hasan Tahsin Bey is standing, wearing a suit. His left arm, parallel to the ground, is stretched forward and his hand is holding a waving Turkish flag.

In his right hand, bent at the elbow, is the sacred pistol that vented the Turks' anger at the occupation of Izmir. In the inscription on the monument-sculpture, which has a flagpole in its left rear corner, the following is written: ‘FIRST BULLET’

IN MEMORY OF THE HEROIC AND MARTYRED JOURNALIST HASAN TAHSİN AND OUR MARTYRS, WHO FIRED THE FIRST SHOT OF THE NATIONAL STRUGGLE ON 15 MAY 1919, THE DAY İZMİR WAS INVADED

JOURNALIST HASAN TAHSİN BEY, MIRALAY SÜLEYMAN FETHİ BEY, DISTRICT GOVERNOR DR. ŞÜKRÜ BEY, KOLAĞASI HÜSEYİN NECATİ BEY,

CAPTAIN NAZIM BEY, CAPTAIN AHMET BEY, DOCTOR FEHMİ BEY,

Second Lieutenant Faik Bey, Senior Officer Nadir Bey, Senior Officer Ahmet Hamdi Bey.

This monument was erected by the nation at the request of the Izmir Journalists' Association.

15 May 1974

2. Independence Martyrs' Cemetery and 9 September Monument (İŞDEA)

Located on Şehitler Caddesi in the Halkapınar neighbourhood of Konak District. Four soldiers from an advance detachment consisting of two cavalry companies commanded by Captain Şerafettin (İzmir) Bey were martyred here on the morning of 9 September 1922 by indiscriminate fire from a flour mill operated by Tozakoğlu, a Greek from İzmir. After the proclamation of the Republic, this flour mill (which is a twin building), which continued to be operated by the Izmir Municipality, was used for a period after 12 September 1980 by the Izmir State Security Court and the Turkish Electricity Distribution Corporation. For some time now, it has been serving as the Fault Service of the Gediz Electricity Distribution Corporation.

Tozakoğlu's Flour Mill (1927)

Tozakoğlu Flour Mill, View from the Martyrs' Cemetery (2010)

After the victory, a commission was established to oversee the construction of martyrs' cemeteries in Halkapınar and Bornova for the Turkish soldiers who fell on the day İzmir was liberated from Greek occupation. By 1924, the martyrs' memorial in Halkapınar (İstiklâl Martyrs' Memorial) had been built and a modest, cone-shaped marble monument (Dokuz Eylül Monument) had been erected inside it. In August of the same year, Tunalı Hilmi Bey, Member of Parliament for Zonguldak, visited Izmir and wrote a letter addressed to the wealthy citizens of Izmir, which was published in the 7 September 1924 issue of the Ahenk newspaper (Izmir), featuring a photograph of the Independence Martyrs' Cemetery and the Dokuz Eylül Monument:

The end of my five-day visit to our beautiful Izmir was spent reading fatihas at the Halkapınar Martyrs' Cemetery. As I read, my eyes were not fixed on the one or two arşın (=136 cm) tall monument in front of me, but were fixed on the ground. This meant that my whole being was overwhelmed with shame. Had the veterans of the War of Independence not contributed (had they not worked), this little monument would not even exist, and the blessed martyrs' cemetery would not be visited. However, this monument, which is worth seeing at this sacred point in Izmir, which was almost destroyed during the War of Independence, must have been built with the expenditure of a hundred thousand lira by only ten wealthy people from Izmir....

It is clear from a photograph in the 1927–1928 İzmir Municipality Album, captioned ‘İstirdat-ı Mes’ûd Şüheda Abidesi / Tomb of the Heroes Monument commémoratif de Smyrne revendiquée’, that this letter was of no use in the short term. As far as we can see, the first addition made to İŞDEA after 1924 is the Arabic script inscription ‘vatan ve namus’ (homeland and honour) on the front of the Dokuz Eylül Monument. Since the transition to the new Latin-based Turkish alphabet was adopted by a law dated 1 November 1928, this phrase must have been inscribed shortly after the photograph was taken. In 1930, the municipality added the following text:

İŞDEA (1927)

İŞDEA, Front View (2010)

İŞDEA is surrounded by a small garden; in 1933, it was decided to place an inscription on the Dokuz Eylül Monument reading, ‘... at the gates of Izmir, the names of three martyrs who willingly shed their warm blood for Izmir...’

Over time, the area surrounding İŞDEA was planted with trees, and it was redesigned in 1961 and 1996. During the second redesign, the touching poem ‘To a Traveller’ by writer and poet Necmettin Halil Onan was placed on a plaque at İŞDEA. The latest addition to İŞDEA is a series of bronze reliefs, designed by Konak Municipality and commissioned from the Faculty of Fine Arts at Dokuz Eylül University, which were unveiled in a ceremony on 18 March 2007.

İŞDEA currently covers an area of approximately one acre and is surrounded by a large garden, which can be accessed through two different iron gates opening onto Şehitler Caddesi and 1558 Sokak (separating the Tozakoğlu Flour Factory and İŞDEA). At the entrance to the martyr's memorial, which is covered with white marble on all four sides, there are two inscriptions placed on the right and left. The inscription on the left reads:

HALKAPINAR İSTİKLAL ŞEHİTLİĞİ

This monument commemorates the soldiers who were martyred and buried here as a result of gunfire from the building, which was used as a flour factory at the time, while advancing on foot with their squad to secure the safety of two cavalry regiments during the Liberation of Izmir (9 September 1922):

- Akşehirli Bekir Oğlu Mehmet Çavuş,

- İbrahim Hakkı Çavuş, son of Ömer from Antalya,

- Seyit Ahmet, son of Ahmet from Nevşehir, and

- Veyis, son of Bekir from İzmir

(who attained the rank of martyr at the hospital where he was taken)

were laid to rest here.

On the right side, Onan's poem mentioned above is inscribed: The poem plaque placed at İŞDEA in 1996 was of a different form and material: it was marble and placed upright on the ground.

TO A TRAVELLER

Stop, Traveller! The soil you tread upon without knowing

Is where an era sank.

Bend down and listen, this silent mound

Is where a homeland's heart beat.

At the end of this desolate, shadeless road,

This mound you see, in Anatolia,

Is where Mehmet, who gave his life for independence,

For honour, lies buried.

This mound, when the great earthquake struck,

As the last piece of the homeland passed into enemy hands,

Mehmet's enemies were drowned in the flood,

It is where his blessed blood was shed.

Consider that the blood, bones, and flesh that were sacrificed

Formed this mound, relentless and harsh,

At the end of a war, for the entire nation,

It is the place where they tasted the joy of freedom.

Necmettin Halil ONAN - (1927).

İŞDEA, left-hand inscription

İŞDEA, right-hand inscription

Behind the inscriptions, set inward, between two cylindrical torches made of white marble, one enters the small garden surrounding İŞDEA. It is possible to reach the base of the Dokuz Eylül Monument, located right in the centre of the garden, via a marble staircase with several steps on all four sides. A rectangular marble plaque with the words ‘vatan ve namus’ (homeland and honour) written in new letters is placed in the centre of the front of the pedestal, which is made of Egyptian granite. We have already mentioned that the words ‘vatan ve namus’ are written in Arabic letters on the front of the conical monument carved from Marmara marble on top of the pedestal. On the back of the monument,

F.2. A.4 B. 2 ÇAVUŞ

AHMET OĞLU HAKKI

ANTALYA (KIZILSARAY)

F. 2. A. 4 B. 2 ÇAVUŞ

BEKİR OĞLU MEHMET

AKŞEHİR (MAMURETÜLHAMİT)

F. 2. A. 4 B. 4 NEFER

AHMET OĞLU SEYİT AHMET

NEVŞEHİR (İĞNELİ)

is inscribed. It is certain that this inscription was made as a result of the decision taken by the municipality in 1933, as we have written. What is uncertain is the exact date on which this process, understood to be the third addition to İŞDEA, was carried out. The same inscription does not mention the name of the fourth martyr, İzmirli er Bekir Oğlu Veyis, who was shot here and died in hospital. It is likely that the inscription on the left side of the entrance to the small garden surrounding İŞDEA was placed there to remedy this oversight.

There are a total of five bronze reliefs on the rear wall of the large garden surrounding İŞDEA, which runs parallel to Şehitler Caddesi, and on the side wall, which runs parallel to the railway line that intersects Şehitler Caddesi. The first of the reliefs on the rear wall depicts Captain Şerafettin Bey on horseback at the front of his detachment marching from Alsancak to the Provincial Governor's Residence. The second depicts the same detachment saluting the Turkish flag in front of the Provincial Governor's Residence. The first of the reliefs on the side wall depicts numerous figures: peasant women holding cannonballs in their hands, both behind and in front of a cart; a well-dressed young man; and elderly people and children (sitting in the cart). The composition is completed with the inscription ‘WE WON THE REPUBLIC THIS WAY’. In the second relief, Mustafa Kemal Pasha and another Turkish officer, wearing their caps and uniforms, are depicted to the right of the inscription:

The national struggle was waged directly by the nation itself, by the children of the nation. The nation, with its mothers, fathers and nurses, made the struggle its ideal. In the national struggle, it was not personal ambition but national ideals and national pride that were the real driving forces.

Gazi Mustafa Kemal

1925

In the third and final relief, Turkish mothers carrying bullets on their backs to the front are depicted with their children by their side.

3. Dokuz Eylül Martyrs' Cemetery and Monument (DEŞA)

It is located to the left of the gate leading to the garden of Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital in the Kazım Dirik neighbourhood of Bornova District. The 9 September Martyrs' Cemetery and Monument, which the relevant commission decided to build at the same time as İŞDEA, contains the graves of Hüseyin Çavuş and two soldiers who fell as martyrs in Bornova.

On 25 July 1925, at a meeting held in the Turkish Cultural Centre building, which is now used as the Konak Stage of the State Theatres, at the invitation of Aziz Bey, President of the Izmir Turkish Cultural Centre, the subject of DEŞA was discussed and a new commission was formed with the participation of representatives of all associations in the city. At the end of 1925, this commission, which finalised the design of the DEŞA, estimated to cost 30,000 lira, decided to print 30,000 charity tickets to be sold for one lira each in order to raise the necessary funds for its construction. Although I cannot determine the exact date of completion of the DEŞA, whose foundation ceremony was held on 21 February 1926, it is certain that it was completed after 1928, as the inscriptions on the monument are in the new alphabet.

The monument, which is a conical hexagon, is approximately two metres high. Carved from a single block of Marmara marble, including its base, the monument is made of white marble, as are the square platform beneath it and the three-step staircases leading up to it on all four sides. The following is written on the front of the base:

MEMORIAL TO THE MARTYRS

9 SEPTEMBER 1338

BORNOVA

DOKUZ EYLÜL MARTYRS' CEMETERY

(1922)

The monument, which bears no inscription, bears a striking resemblance to the Dokuz Eylül Monument in Halkapınar. It is likely that these are modest copies of the Abide-i Hürriyet Monument in Şişli (Istanbul), a symbol of freedom and enlightenment in the Ottoman Empire, created by the same master craftsman. Opened on 23 July 1911, the third anniversary of the second proclamation of the constitutional monarchy, with large public participation, this monument was designed by architect Muzaffer Bey and is the final resting place of the officers and soldiers martyred by reactionaries during the uprising of 31 March (13 April) 1909.

The first image below is from DEŞA (2010)

The second image below is the Abide-i Hürriyet Monument (2007)

It is understood from the bronze relief inscription mounted on the stone wall behind it, which separates it from the hospital garden, organised by the Bornova District Governor's Office in 1996, and whose current location is unknown:

HERE LIE OUR BELOVED MARTYRS

HÜSEYİN ÇAVUŞ AND

TWO SOLDIERS.

O heroic soldiers

The homeland is grateful to you.

Bornova District Governor's Office

9 - 9 – 1996

DEŞA has recently been reorganised. During this latest renovation, the first step (the one closest to the ground) of the monument's four-step staircase was widened on all four sides to create the current larger square platform, and the small square block immediately below the base (at the top of the stairs) was removed.

The third image below shows DEŞA (1996), with the inscription in the background.

The stone wall on which the inscription was mounted was demolished, and a new wall separating DEŞA from the hospital was constructed. Rising towards the mansion and covered with red marble slabs, this concave wall bears the following four-line poem, the author of which we cannot identify:

WE RAN FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM SAKARYA TO İZMİR

WE CHASED THE ENEMIES TO THE SEA AT FULL SPEED

GUNS AND RIFLES DID NOT INTIMIDATE US, WE ATTACKED WITHOUT FEAR

WE SAVED OUR HOMELAND FROM THE OPPRESSION OF THE OCCUPIERS

LIBERATION WAS COMPLETED ON THE NINTH OF SEPTEMBER

MARTYRDOM WAS OUR DESTINY, IN THE BORNOVA PLAIN

MAY OUR LIVES AND BLOOD BE SACRIFICED, MAY THEY BE BLESSED

MAY THE FLAG FLY HIGH, MAY OUR HOMELAND LIVE ON

4. Second Martyrs Mosque Martyrdom and Monument

It is located in front of the Second Martyrs Mosque, at the corner where Kemalpaşa Street intersects with Street No. 241 in Birlik Neighbourhood (Altındağ), Bornova District.

Surrounded by a chain and covered with black marble, the monument in the centre of the 30 cm high rectangular martyr's cemetery consists of two rectangular blocks, approximately two metres high and 30 cm wide, erected parallel to each other at a distance of one metre.

The two-part marble inscription placed on the triangular platform between these blocks, covered with grey mosaic marble, reads:

TWO SOLDIERS WHO FELL AS MARTYRS IN THE LIBERATION OF İZMİR

ARE BURIED HERE. 1922

WHO WERE PRESENT IN THE REGION DURING THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

ONE WAS FROM ADANA AND SERVED IN THE TURKISH CAVALRY UNIT

THE OTHER WAS FROM NİĞDE, BUT

THEIR NAMES COULD NOT BE IDENTIFIED.

THEY WERE MARTYRED BY ENEMY SOLDIERS

DURING THE EXPULSION OF GREEK SOLDIERS TO THE SEA

AND WERE BURIED HERE BY THE LOCAL POPULATION.

THIS MARTYRS' SHRINE, WHICH WAS TURNED INTO A MONUMENT IN 1967, WAS RESTORED AGAIN IN 2004.

This memorial, which was converted into a monument in 1967,

was restored again in 2004

and turned into a marble pedestal.

A flagpole has been erected at the rear right corner of the martyr's memorial and monument.

Findings and Recommendations

The information provided on the inscriptions at the monuments, sculptures, and martyr's memorials I have introduced is insufficient in explaining when they were built, by whom, for whom, the identity of the artist, and the characteristics of the monument. Unfortunately, there are no inscriptions in English that foreign visitors can read. Martyrs' cemeteries, which are generally located next to streets and roads with uninterrupted traffic, should be illuminated, and yellow directional signs should be placed at relevant points. School administrators should be encouraged to take their students to nearby monuments, statues, and memorials, and various activities (such as poetry recitals) should be organised at these sites during national holidays and commemorative weeks. Official and private institutions and organisations in Izmir should also show the necessary care in promoting these sites. Namely, the most comprehensive official publication about Izmir during the Republican era (866 pages) is Izmir in the 50th Year of the Republic, 1973 Provincial Yearbook, prepared by the Province of Izmir. Unfortunately, this yearbook, which features the Equestrian Atatürk Monument in Alsancak on its cover, does not mention the monuments, statues and memorials introduced in this article in the pages it devotes to culture and tourism.

APPENDIX–1

DONORS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRST BULLET MONUMENT

Hürriyet Newspaper 10,000

C. Gönençtürk 200

Ege Makine ve Ticaret A.Ş. 6,000

Ege Oto A.Ş. 4,000

Ege Tütün İhracatçıları Birliği 5,000

T.C. Ziraat Bank 30,000

T.C. Prime Ministry 100,000

Kemal Akyüz [Former Mufti of Ödemiş] 50

Fikri Badioğlu 500

Orhan Özşişman 1,500

Traffic Accident Hospital Construction Association 200

Turkish Bar Association 5,000

Şahinler Tobacco Warehouse 302

İzmir Metallurgy Factory Inc. 15,000

Industrial Development Bank 3,000

Manisa Leaf Tobacco Workshop 1,138

BMC Industry and Trade Inc. 20,000

Automotive and Trade Inc. 10,000

Konak Monopoly Workers 400

Mübeccel Gökgönül 500

Exporters' Association 7,000

Garanti Bank 10,000

Turkish Chambers Union 10,000

Ege Brewing and Malt Industry 5,000

Bahattin Tatış (Director of Özel Türk College) 10,000

Emlak Kredi Bank 15,000

Kula Mensucat Inc. 15,000

Maktaş Pasta Factory 5,000

Vakıflar Bank 5,000

Tariş 20,000

Izmir Fire Department 350

Osman Derinsu 100

Tarık Derinsu 100

Yenmiş Village Primary School 40

Private Turkish College Students 4,486.45

Istanbul Chamber of Industry 5,000

Abdurrahman Boyacıgiller 200

Trade Unions Association 10,000

Çimentaş 2,000

Eczacıbaşı Pharmaceuticals 5,000

Türkmen Parlak 150

İş Bank 20,000

Etibank General Directorate 10,000

Akbank General Directorate 10,000

Teachers' Bank 2,000

Maritime Bank 2,500

Türk Tuborg Inc. 25,000

Cyprus Turkish Journalists Association 3,402.19

Istanbul Journalists Association 5,000

Yapı Kredi Bank 15,000

Press Advertising Agency 5,000

Malatya CHP Executive Board 500

Atilla Bediz 31.60

Republic Senate AP Group 8,700

National Assembly AP Group 22,300

Izmir Monument Construction Association 15,000

Ottoman Bank 5,000

Chamber of Commerce Presidency 15,000

Sami Yanardağ 500

Enver Dündar Başar 500

Turkish Petroleum Corporation 35,000

Ege University 19,807

Football tournament revenue [This tournament was held in Izmir

between Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, Göztepe and Altay

teams] 194,874.43

Merkez İnkılâp Primary School 762.20

Çapanoğlu Trade 1,000

Besim Müftügil 200

CHP Parliamentary Group Members 11,600

Bolu Atatürk Middle School Directorate 250

Şinasi Molo İzmir İş Bank Deputy Manager 100

Ahmet Demir Yüce (Zonguldak Senator) 200

Özel Çağın Primary School 340

__________

TOTAL 771,783.87

Source: 1971–1972 Report, pp. 35–36.