Happy 100th Anniversary of the Republic

100. The first steps for the "Republic", whose 100th anniversary we are celebrating, were taken with the National Struggle. While fighting for "Full Independence" against imperialism, at the same time, the struggle for the Republic, which was based on "National Sovereignty" against the palace/sultan, put an end to the sultanate order that had lasted for more than 700 years. Before leaving for Anatolia on 19 May 1919, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk talked about establishing the Republic when he visited his fellow prisoners in the Bekiraga Company in Istanbul. When he set out for Samsun, he thought of "establishing a new fully independent Turkish State based on national sovereignty". At the Sivas Congress, where the foundations of the war of independence and the Republic were laid, he walked step by step towards the goal of "Republic" and the Republican revolutions with the words of the future regime "I was obliged to carry the great development ability that I felt in the conscience and future of the nation in my conscience like a "National secret" and gradually implement it to a whole society". On the night of 7-8 July, in the early hours of the morning, Atatürk had Mazhar Müfit Kansu in Erzurum write down that the form of the state would be "Republic", which was one of the five main goals he wanted to keep secret. After the victory of the National Struggle, the time had come to realise these articles. It was necessary to reveal the name of the existing regime with all clarity and to elect the president of the new state. It was no coincidence that the Republic, the greatest revolution in Turkish history, was proclaimed 16 days after Ankara was chosen as the capital. 

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, in his Nutuk, put forward the decision of the Republic, which he called "My greatest work is the Republic", and the emergence of the new state in an understandable and simple manner. For this purpose, on 9 August 1923, at the inaugural Congress of the People's Party, negotiations began under the presidency of Atatürk. On 11 August, the 286-member 2nd Parliament was opened and Atatürk was elected as the president. Fethi Okyar, who was appointed to replace Rauf Orbay upon his resignation as Prime Minister, formed the government and assumed the post of Minister of Interior. Atatürk; "The time had come for the implementation of an idea that I had been waiting for. Let me confess this." He said that the time had come for the establishment of the Republic. Fethi Okyar, who was asked to resign as the Minister of Interior, resigned on 24 October and Ali Fuat Cebesoy resigned as the 2nd Speaker of the Parliament on the same day. Atatürk convened the cabinet at Çankaya on 26 October and after examining the situation, he decided that the cabinet should resign, except for the Chief of General Staff Fevzi Çakmak, who was in charge of the armies. On 27 October, the government resigned, but there were great difficulties in forming a government. 

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk described this process in his Nutuk: "We leave the dissident group completely free to form a government. We see no harm in them forming a Council of Ministers and governing the country as they wish without involving any deputy in the cabinet. But we are sure that they cannot form a government and govern the country." He expressed his concerns with his words." Since it would not be permissible to continue the crisis and confusion in the event that the group of mischief-makers trying to deceive the Assembly failed to form a government, I thought that I would intervene personally at that time and settle the matter once and for all by doing what I had envisaged, that is, by declaring the Republic." When the efforts to form a government did not materialise, Atatürk, who was invited by the party executive board on 28 October 1923 under the chairmanship of Fethi Okyar to get his opinion and solve the problem, said: "Late on 28 October 1923, I was invited by the Party Executive Board, which was in a meeting. Fethi Bey was the chairman. Fethi Bey, on behalf of the Party, said that they had invited me to their meeting because a list of candidates for the Government had been organised by the Board of Directors, and since I was the Chairman of the Party, they thought it was right to ask my opinion on this matter. I looked over the list and said that I thought it was favourable, but that it was necessary to obtain the consent of the people on the list. My suggestion was approved." Since some people in the list of the Council of Ministers did not want to be included in the list, a definite list was not formed and he left the meeting by advising them to determine a definite list. 

While returning to Çankaya from the Parliament, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk decided that the expected moment had arrived and invited İsmet İnönü, Kazım Özalp, Fethi Okyar, Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın, Fuat Bulca, Kemalettin Sami Gökçen and Halit Karsıalan to dinner at Çankaya on the evening of 28 October. They had their last dinner before the proclamation of the Republic. In his Nutuk, Atatürk describes that night as follows: "On the night of 28 October, as I was leaving the Parliament building to go to Çankaya, I came across Kemâlettin Sami and Hâlit Pasha who were waiting for me in the corridors. I had read in the newspaper of that day under the title of a farewell and a welcome that they had come to Ankara while Ali Fuat Pasha was leaving Ankara. When I understood that they were waiting there until late to talk to me, I informed them through Kâzım Özalp Pasha, Minister of National Defence, to come to dinner. I told İsmet İnönü Pasha, Kâzım Pasha and Mr. Fethi Okyar to come to Çankaya with me. When I went to Çankaya, I met Mr. Fuat Bulca, Deputy of Rize, and Mr. Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın, Deputy of Afyonkarahisar, who had come to see me. During the meal, I said, "Tomorrow we will declare the Republic." The friends present there immediately agreed with me. We stopped eating. From that moment on, I made a short programme on how to act and assigned my friends. In order to decide on the proclamation of the Republic, I did not see any need to invite all my friends in Ankara to meet and discuss with them. Because I did not doubt that they actually and naturally thought like me. However, some people who were not in Ankara at that time considered the fact that the Republic was proclaimed without their authorisation, without informing them, without their opinion and consent as a reason for resentment and separation from us". He explained the process of the proclamation of the Republic and those present at the dinner agreed with him. From that moment on, a programme was made on how to act and he assigned his friends. On Monday 29 October, at the group meeting to be held, Kemalettin Sami Pasha made a motion and it was decided to invite Atatürk to the group.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, while sitting in his chair, remembered the night he said "we will not be hopeless" in his house in Şişli and after that night, he lived 4 years in great struggle. From Gallipoli to Tripoli, from Yemen to Sinai, from the Caucasus to Eskişehir and Afyonkarahisar, there was no geography he did not fight in. It swept imperialism into the sea, gave sovereignty to the will of the people and put an end to the sultanate. In Lausanne, it took the title deed of the country and created a free, fully independent state. Thinking that it was time to move towards the goal he had set in his mind, he dreamt of boarding the Bandırma Ferry by saying "We are at the edge of the cliff, they want to throw us alive into the grave, the last dare may save us, we are moving to Anatolia". After the meal, he asked İsmet İnönü to stay in the mansion and they went to his study. In Nutuk; "The friends we were with left early. Only İsmet Pasha was a guest at Çankaya. In this draft, I added the sentence "The form of government of the State of Turkey is a Republic" at the end of Article 1 of the Constitution of 20 January 1921. Article 3 reads as follows: "The State of Turkey shall be governed by the Grand National Assembly. The Assembly shall administer the branches of government from which the government is separated through the Ministers. The President of Turkey is elected by the General Assembly of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey from among its members for an election term and the President of Turkey is the head of state."

On Monday, 29 October 1923, the People's Party Group convened at 10.00 a.m. under the chairmanship of Fethi Okyar and the list of the Council of Ministers prepared by him was discussed. No consensus could be reached on the proposed list and the Council of Ministers could not be formed. In order to find a solution, Atatürk's opinion was requested and Kemalettin Sami Pasha's motion to solve the problem was accepted. Atatürk, who was called to the meeting, took the floor and said that the difficulty in forming a government stemmed from the fact that the deputies had to choose the ministers one by one and that the necessary amendment should be made in the Constitution. This proposal was presented by Fethi Okyar and the proposal was accepted. Thereupon, at the meeting held at 13.30 under the chairmanship of Fethi Okyar, Atatürk said: "Dear friends. I believe that the reason and cause of the problem that we are having difficulty in solving has been understood by all friends. The defect is in the method and manner we are following. Your Supreme Committee has entrusted me with the solution of this problem. If my proposal is accepted, it will be possible to form a strong and cohesive government. It is necessary to clarify some points of the Constitution, which determines the form and nature of our State and which is an aim for all of us. This is my proposal." 4 months earlier, he had prepared a bill of amendment consisting of 5 articles, which he submitted to the clerk of the parliament, and the real form of the state became "Republic".

The Grand National Assembly of Turkey convened at 18.00 on 29 October and the "Bill of Law" prepared by the members of the Constitutional Commission was proposed to the Assembly by the President İsmet İnönü. The Proposed Law reads as follows: "Article-1: Sovereignty belongs unconditionally to the nation. The form of government is based on the principle that the nation manages its own destiny personally and de facto. The form of government of the State of Turkey: Republic. Article-2; Religion of the State of Turkey: Islam. The official language is Turkish. Article-4: The President of the Republic of Turkey shall be elected by the Grand National Assembly of the State of Turkey and from among its members for one election term. The presidential duty continues until the election of the new President. Re-election is possible. Article-11: The President of Turkey is the Head of State. In this capacity, he shall preside over the Assembly and the Council of Ministers as deemed necessary.  Article-12: The Prime Minister shall be elected by the President of the Republic and by the members of the Assembly." was submitted to the Parliament for approval and the proposal was accepted. With the adoption of the proposal, the Constitutional Commission stated that: "Since the unconditional and unconditional sovereignty belonging to the nation and the form of government being based on the principle of governing the future of the nation personally and in a real way already means a Republic, it has been deemed legally and importantly appropriate to use this sentence, which absolutely rejects the personalised Sultanate, and to explain that the form of the Turkish State is a Republican Government by adding a section to the relevant article of the Constitution. After the establishment of a Republic, it is natural that a Presidential office, which is the representative of this Republic, should be established. The appointment of the Prime Minister, who will form the Government, by the President of the Republic is necessary for the determination of responsibility. Therefore, in order to determine the current form of the State, the Constitution has been amended and corrected and a special article has been drafted stating that the religion of the State is Islam and the language is Turkish. Minutes were prepared and read to the members of the Assembly.

The bill was finalised with the speeches of the deputies, which were applauded by the voices of "Long Live the Republic!". President İsmet İnönü said, "I now put the whole law to your vote. Those in favour, raise your hands." All 158 deputies in the Assembly voted yes, and the Speaker of the Assembly announced the result with the words "The bill was unanimously approved". He explained the result with his words. With the announcement of the proclamation of the Republic on 29 October 1923 at 20.30 with 101 rounds of cannon fire, the excitement was carried to the streets of Ankara and the Turkish people celebrated with great enthusiasm. The Turks have attained the form of state they deserve, have become a Republican State and have taken their place among the most modern countries. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who said, "The most suitable form of government for the character and customs of the Turkish Nation is the republic", walked step by step with determination, determination, patience, reason and strategy, and with the establishment of the Republic by the Grand National Assembly, the sovereignty became the sovereignty of the Turkish Nation after centuries. The Republic, which is the work of Atatürk, as an administration with high moral values and qualities, the Turkish Nation has taken its own will into its own hands by electing the people who will govern the state. Turgut Özakman; "A brand new, fully independent, respected people's state, the Republic of Turkey, was established from a collapsed outdated state." He evaluated it with these words.

On 29 October 1923, a vote was held in the Parliament for the election of the first President of the Republic of Turkey. İsmet İnönü, sitting at the presidency, announced to the General Assembly at 20.45: "159 people participated in the voting for the Presidency of Turkey and 158 members unanimously elected Ankara Deputy Mustafa Kemal Pasha Hazretleri as the President of Turkey." The only abstention was Atatürk's vote. At the age of 42, "Long live Gazi. Long live Mustafa Kemal Pasha", he became the first President of the Republic of Turkey. After his election as President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk said in the parliament: "Dear friends, due to the adoption of the draft law proposed to your high committee by the special commission established to clarify some articles of the Constitution, which is a valuable document to the real vigilance and consciousness of our honourable nation in the face of important and extraordinary events around the world, the nature of the Turkish State, which is already known and should be known all over the world, has been named by its international name. As a natural consequence of this, you have entrusted this duty, which you have been entrusting directly to your friend, who has been the President of the Assembly until today, to the same friend, this humble friend, with the title of President. On this occasion, you have once again demonstrated the love, sincerity and trust you have shown for me until now, and have proved your high appreciation. Therefore, I express my sincere thanks to your honourable delegation. In recent years, the ability, will and insight which our nation has demonstrated in practice have well proved that those who think ill of it are ignorant, short-sighted and deceived by appearances. With the new name of the government, our nation will be able to show its qualities and values to the civilised world much more easily. The Republic of Turkey will prove by its works that it is worthy of its place among the states of the world. Friends, the triumph of the Turkish nation, which has created this high regime, in the last four years will be manifested several times over in the future. I am obliged to present a need which I consider very important. That need is the continuation of the love, trust and support shown by your honourable delegation towards me. Only in this way, and with the help of God, I hope that I will be able to fulfil in the best possible manner the duties which you have entrusted to me and which you will entrust to me. I shall work by clinging very sincerely and firmly to the hands of my honourable colleagues and by not considering myself to be a moment distant from them. We shall go forward together, always relying on the love and trust of the nation. The Republic of Turkey will be happy, successful and victorious." He thanked his friends with his sincere, sincere, clear and concise words. The Republic has been the name of enlightenment, science, modern life and civilisation. 

With the election of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as the President of the Republic, İsmet İnönü was appointed as the Prime Minister after Fethi Okyar's resignation. İsmet İnönü, the first government of the Republic and the first Prime Minister of the Republic, took office on 30 October after receiving a vote of confidence from the parliament. Fethi Okyar was elected as the Speaker of the Parliament. The Republic of Turkey, which emerged from the ashes of the fire, set out to perform a miracle on the path of a civilised and modern state. The government system of the new Turkish state was officially designated as "Republic" and the name of the regime and the form of the state were determined. Now it is time to turn towards the reforms to be carried out in the following years. The steps to be taken in this direction will be revolutionary moves that will fundamentally change the centuries-old administrative, political and cultural structure of Turkish society. With the proclamation of the Republic, the principle of Republicanism, one of Atatürk's principles, was put into practice. There were those who were uncomfortable with Rauf Orbay and those who took office at the highest levels of the state and could not digest it. Atatürk said to these thinkers: "Gentlemen, the meaning of these writings and the purpose of these thoughts are easily understood today. Tomorrow it will be more clearly understood. Do not think that future generations will be surprised to see that on the day the Republic was proclaimed in Turkey, the most ruthless attackers were those who called themselves "Republican". On the contrary, the enlightened and republican children of Turkey will have no hesitation in analysing and determining the real thoughts of such pretended republicans." Rauf Orbay stated that the proclamation of the Republic had been rushed and that some irresponsible people had made an imposition. 

İsmet İnönü convened the first Council of Ministers in the Governorate building and Atatürk, who honoured the first meeting, said: "There is a thousand years of experience behind the middle age we are trying to destroy. It knows a thousand kinds of dirty games. Our Republic is a newborn child. They can easily strangle the Republic. Therefore, be very careful and vigilant. Choose your colleagues carefully. I saw some officials coming from Istanbul. They don't seem to realise that they have come to the capital of a revolution. The great Ottoman ship did not sink for no reason. Indifferent, lazy, unexcited, small minds like these have a great responsibility. Bad civil servants alienate citizens from their state. The Ottoman Empire gave positions in the state to minorities, but not to Alevi citizens in the last 200 years. We put an end to this unreasonable and inhumane situation as soon as the National Struggle began. We will carefully maintain this attitude. Whoever is in Anatolia, we are all one nation. We are brothers of homeland and destiny. This is how we conducted the National Struggle, and this is how we will govern the Republic. We will not allow this understanding to be broken. We know well what happens when it is broken. Our ideal is to create a civilised society and state based on national sovereignty. We will not lose sight of this ideal at any stage. There are many problems. We will not be able to solve them all. Our patriotic children will complete what we cannot reach. Our main principle will be to respect, enlighten and educate the people, to protect their health, and to ensure that they live in security." 

In 1925, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk said: "Today's government, our state organisation is a state organisation and government directly made by the nation on its own, spontaneously, and its name is the Republic. There is no longer any separation between the government and the nation. The members of the government have now fully realised that they are not other than the nation and that the nation is the master. I wish success for the progress and rise of the nation, which is the master of all of us, and for the civil servants who serve it." In 1927, in his speech, he said: "We were trying to centralise the state administration in a way that is moving towards the Republic at every moment within the principles of national sovereignty without mentioning the Republic. The Republic is an administration based on high moral values and qualities. Republican administration raises virtuous and honourable people. The administration that best suits the nature and character of the Turkish Nation is the Republican administration." He stated that the Republic, in every sense of the word, is the essence and cherished property of the Turkish nation, and with the proclamation of the Republic, a new era opened in Turkish history. The idea that national sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the nation, which was taken as a basis during the National Struggle, was officially realised. The basis of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's political views was based on national sovereignty, and for this reason, he handed over the administration to the nation, the original owner. Therefore, the people must prevent all threats and dangers to national sovereignty. Because national sovereignty is such a force that all dictatorial regimes are doomed to collapse in its face. The Republic is based on national sovereignty, while the sultanate is based on fear and oppression. Therefore, while the Republic provided the opportunity for virtuous and brave people to grow up, sultanates could survive with introverted and miserable people. There are some criteria indicating that a government is bad. One of them is to make the nation happy and secure, and the other is to be free and independent. We can call the governments that comply with these principles good and those that do not comply with these principles bad. The measure of regimes based on national sovereignty is political parties and free elections." He founded the "Republican People's Party" on 9 September 1923 as an ideological institution to clarify these ideas. 

On the 10th anniversary of the Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk said: "Turkish Nation! We are in the 15th year of our war of liberation. Today is the greatest holiday in which our republic celebrates its tenth anniversary. Congratulations! At this moment, as a member of the great Turkish nation, I am in the deepest joy and excitement of reaching this blessed day. My fellow citizens! We have done many and great things in a short time. The greatest of these deeds is the Republic of Turkey, the foundation of which is Turkish heroism and high Turkish culture. The foundation of the Republic was established in the conscience, mind and consciousness of the great Turkish nation and of our great army composed of its heroic sons. Its principles were also born from the spirit of the nation. We owe this success to the determination of the Turkish nation and its valuable army to march with determination as one and together. But we can never consider what we have done sufficient. Because we are obliged and determined to do more and greater works. We shall raise our country to the level of the most prosperous and civilised countries of the world. We shall provide our nation with the widest means and sources of prosperity. We shall raise our national culture above the level of contemporary civilisation. For this purpose, in our opinion, the measure of time should not be considered according to the slackening mentality of past centuries, but according to the concept of speed and movement of our century. Compared to the past, we will work harder. We will accomplish greater works in less time. I have no doubt that we will be successful in this too. Because the Turkish nation has a high character. The Turkish nation is hardworking. The Turkish nation is intelligent. Because the Turkish nation knows how to overcome difficulties with national unity and solidarity. Because the torch that the Turkish nation holds in its hands and minds on the path of elevation and civilisation is positive science. It is also important to note that a historical characteristic of the Turkish nation, which is a high human society, is to love and excel in the fine arts. For this reason, it is our national ideal to nourish and develop the high character, tireless industriousness, creative intelligence, devotion to science, love for fine arts and sense of national unity of our nation continuously and by all means and measures. This ideal, which suits the Turkish nation very well, will make it successful in fulfilling its civilised duty to provide true comfort to all mankind. Great Turkish Nation, you have heard many of my words promising success in the endeavours we have undertaken for the last 15 years. Today, I say with the same conviction and certainty that the whole civilised world will soon recognise once more that the Turkish nation, which is marching towards the national ideal with complete unity, is a great nation. I have no doubt that the forgotten great civilised quality and great civilised capability of Turkishness, with its further development, will rise like a new sun on the horizon of the high civilisation of the future. Turkish Nation! I sincerely wish you to celebrate this great national holiday with greater honours, happiness, peace and prosperity in every decade that flows into eternity. I am happy to be a Turk"! Again; "Republican regime means democratic system and form of government. We have established the Republic, the Republic has reached its tenth year, we should try to fulfil all the requirements of democracy when the time comes. One of these is to recognise the rights of women." With his words, he showed the importance he attached to Turkish women.

On the 10th anniversary of the Republic, a 3-day holiday was declared. Ataturk; "Republican regime means a form of government with democracy system. We have established the republic, and it should put into practice all the requirements of democracy as it is ten years old." Development was achieved to an extent admired by the world and this miracle development was achieved without borrowing a penny from abroad. From today onwards, the squares where festivals are celebrated have been named as "Republic Square", 101 rounds of cannon fire and a minute's silence for the martyrs have been held in every city. On the 10th anniversary of the Republic, the "Tenth Year Anthem" was written by Cemil Reşit Bey, with lyrics by Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel and Kemal Çağlar. Ataturk crossed out the last line of the motto brought to Atatürk and wrote "We wove the motherland with iron nets from the four corners". On the 10th anniversary of the Republic, a general amnesty was issued and Nazım Hikmet, who had been imprisoned in Bursa prison for 1.5 years due to communist propaganda and sentenced to 4 years in prison, was released.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk said in the parliament in 1927: "Do not think that future generations will be surprised when they see that on the day of the proclamation of the Republic in Turkey, those who attacked it without mercy were those who said they were "Republican"! On the contrary, the enlightened and republican children of Turkey will have no difficulty in analysing and determining the true beliefs of those who pretend to be republicans. They will easily realise that in a state in which a rotten lineage of sultans, under the pretence of caliphate, is obliged to remain in power, the Republic cannot survive even if it is proclaimed." He explained his thoughts for the future. On the evening of 6 February 1933 at Bursa Çelik Palas Hotel, Atatürk stated that the Turkish youth was the guardian of the regime and the revolutions: "The Turkish youth is the guardian of the revolutions and the state order. He believes in the necessity and correctness of these more than anyone else. He has adopted the state order we have implemented. When he hears the smallest or the biggest stirring and behaviour that may weaken these, he will not say that this country has police, gendarmerie and judiciary. They will immediately get involved in the incident. They will protect their artefacts with their hands, stones, sticks, weapons and whatever else they have. The police will come and catch him as a criminal, leaving the real criminals behind. The youth will think that the police are not yet the police of the revolution and the Republic, and will certainly not beg. The court will convict him. He will think that it is necessary to organise the judiciary as well, to adapt it to the state order. They will put him in prison. He will not send telegrams to me, to İsmet Pasha, to the Assembly and ask for his release because he has been wronged and is innocent of any crime. He will say, "I have acted according to my convictions, I have intervened in the incident and I am justified in this behaviour, and if I have come here unjustly, it is my duty to correct the causes which have led to this injustice. This is the Turkish Youth and the Turkish Youth as I understand them".

In 1937, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk said: "You can be sure that among the nations that have lived and are living in the world, the Turks are the only nation born democratic in spirit. We Turks are a nation born democratic in spirit. However, the Osmanids, who ruled our nation for centuries, tried to blunt and numb these intellectual traits inherited from our ancestors in order to protect themselves and their gilded thrones. This is the sole cause and reason for our backwardness in every field." And in the book "Civilised Knowledge"; "The complete and obvious form of government of democracy is the Republic. The Republic of Turkey is a state based on democracy." He has shown the basis on which the Republic is based. The Republic of Turkey was the result of an anti-imperialist war and a diplomatic victory against the imperialist states after that war. On 17 March 1937, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk said: "One should think about the peace and prosperity of all the nations of the world as much as he thinks about the existence and happiness of the nation to which he belongs", and one of the most fundamental principles of the Republic of Turkey has been "Peace at Home, Peace in the World". Atatürk, the leader of the 21st century and the leader of world peace, not only transformed the Turkish people into a modern, contemporary, civilised, free and independent nation, but also led and guided the oppressed and exploited countries. He fought for full independence against imperialism and realised that where there is imperialism, there can be no real peace. Atatürk, who spent his life in the battlefields; "Peace is the best way for nations to achieve prosperity and happiness. The salvation of humanity must be determined by civilised, humanitarian and peaceful ideals. All oppressed nations will destroy and ruin the oppressors. Then the words "oppressor" and "oppressed" will disappear from the face of the earth, and humanity will attain a social state worthy of itself." The cruel behaviour of the imperialist states, their aim to seize and share energy and oil resources have replaced peace with war in our region, bringing blood, violence and fear. 

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Republic; "Our Republic is not weak as it is thought to be. The Republic was not won for free. We shed blood to obtain it. We shed our red blood on every side. We are ready to do what is necessary for its defence if necessary." He stated that the Republic was not established easily and that much blood was shed to establish it. The Republic established under his leadership was realised after a life and death war against the most powerful states of the world. The Republic is virtue, Turkey's greatest revolution, civilisation, modernisation, freedom and independence. It is the most advanced and modern form of state and government. It is the way to progress in every field, to live humanely and to reach the level of contemporary civilisation. The first goal of the Republic is democracy. The Republic is primarily an "Enlightenment Revolution" and its spirit is secular. The proclamation of the Republic first and foremost changed the source of sovereignty. Religious sovereignty was replaced by secular sovereignty. The reign of the palace was ended and sovereignty was given to the nation. With the Secular Republic, "Secular Revolutions" that created an individual from a servant and a nation from a nation were made, a modern, contemporary, civilised and civilised state based on "Reason" and "Science" was established, and the Republic and the principle of "Democratic, Secular, Social and Legal" state was created from the sultanate. 

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; "I have full confidence that the cherished republic, which is the precious work of national heroism and consciousness, will rise and become stronger in the iron hands of today's and tomorrow's generation." To the Turkish youth, who have positive knowledge, who are educated, cultured, who look to the future with confidence and to whom he entrusted the Republic of Turkey, which he called his greatest "work"; "The result we have reached today is the result of the vigilance created by the national destruction suffered for centuries and the reward for the blood that irrigates every corner of this beloved homeland. I leave this result as a sacred gift to the Turkish youth. O rising new generation. You are the future. We founded the Republic, it is you who will raise it and keep it alive. O Turkish youth! Your first duty is to preserve and defend Turkish Independence and Turkish Republic forever. As the children of the Turkish future, our first duty is to protect Turkish Independence and Republic and to keep them alive for generations to come, no matter what the circumstances and conditions may be. The strength you need is in the noble blood in your veins". He believed that the value of our freedom and independence would be well known by the modern educated, high spirited, self-sacrificing youth. With the idea that our youth will know the value of the Republic better than anyone else, it has been the will of our ancestor to the Turkish youth. 

The Republic, which was established under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was decided to be celebrated with a decree published on 26 October 1924 with 101 pare cannon firing and events to be held, and on 29 October 1924, the events marked the beginning of the celebrations. On 2 February 1925, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' proposal for a law to celebrate 29 October as a national holiday was accepted by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 19 April 1925 and it was declared a "National Holiday". Since 1925, "29 October Republic Day" has been celebrated with enthusiasm and excitement as a national holiday. Ataturk; "My humble body will surely one day become soil. But the Republic of Turkey will remain forever". On the 10th anniversary of the Republic; "I have no doubt that the forgotten great civilised quality and great civilised ability of Turkishness will rise like a new sun on the horizon of high civilisation of the future with its further development. Turkish Nation!

I sincerely wish you to celebrate this great national holiday with greater honours, happiness, peace and comfort in every decade that flows into eternity. Happy 100th Anniversary of the Republic!" Happy 100th Anniversary of the Republic. The "Founding Philosophy" and "Core Values" of the Republic will always "rise" and "live forever" in the hands of the young children entrusted to it, even if centuries pass. The only way to fight against the threats and dangers directed against the Republic will be to strictly adhere to the "Philosophy of the Founding of the Republic".

REFERENCES; 

ATATÜRK, Gazi Mustafa Kemal, "NUTUK (1919-1927)", 2006.

AYDEMİR, Şevket Süreyya, The Only Man, Mustafa Kemal (1922-1938), Remzi Kitapevi, 1987. 

AYDOĞAN, Metin, Atatürk and the Turkish Revolution, İnkılâp Publishing House, 2006.

İNAN, Afet, Medeni Bilgiler ve Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün El Yazıları, Atatürk Research Centre, 2017.

LEWIS Bernard, The Birth of Modern Turkey, Turkish Historical Society, 2007.

MEYDAN, Sinan, ATATÜRK Effect, Bankruptcy-Invasion-Occupation-Resistance-Kurtuluş, İnkılâp Publishing House, 2018.

ÖYMEN, Onur, Çöküşten Zafere Lozan, Remzi Kitapevi, Istanbul, 2022.

TATAR, Cengiz, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ü Tanımak ve Anlamak, Galeati Publishing, 2023.