The Ghost of the Roman Empire (Re)Wanders Over Europe (4).

Conclusions that can be drawn from the historical process of Europe:

1. It is understood that throughout history, four politically different orders emerged in Europe.
     a. The first of these is the Roman order. This order does not require religious unity, on the contrary, it is an order that brings together different religious and ethnic communities. It requires a central political union rather than a religious union. The period of the Roman Empire, which was dominated by this order, is the period when Europe attained peace and tranquility for the longest time.
     b. The second order is the Holy Roman-Germanic Empire. In this order, a union with loose ties is established by many states in Europe while maintaining their independence. In this case, unity is based on religious unity rather than political and economic unity. While the EU was being established and enlarged, it was generally shaped according to this order. For this reason, this religious motivation has a great impact on the European Union's refusal to accept Turkey as a member.

The third order is that in which each state is fully independent and there is no permanent union between them. This order weakened Europe during its reign and brought along many problems arising from the internal struggle. This situation leaves Europe vulnerable to threats from outside. Throughout history, these threats have generally come from the direction of Northern Europe and Anatolia, rarely from the direction of the Mediterranean and North Africa.

The fourth order is the order of intercontinental imperialist states. In this order, an external balance is established between the states that have a coast to the sea and spread to other continents, while an internal balance is established with the existence of more than one powerful state within the continent. This situation made Europe dominate almost all of the world, but due to the competition both inside and outside, it also led to the emergence of wars involving the whole world, such as the 7 Years' War, the First World War and the Second World War, as well as many large and small struggles. In other words, this order did not bring a lasting peace and tranquility to Europe.

2. Historical experience shows that only the first of these orders, namely the Roman Empire, provided Europe with lasting peace and security.

3. Today, it is understood that the European Union is also aware of this.

4. Because, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the EU took radical steps towards integrating with all European countries, and even made attempts to establish a European Army independent of NATO. However, it is not so easy to get into this order.

5. Because in the past, England, who never wanted Europe to unite under a single political authority, and the USA, which was born from this state, were opposed to this.

6. The UK and the USA want the balance of power to be maintained in Europe and that the parties always need their own support.

7. The British situation is probably also linked to historical memory and state culture.

8. England, whenever Europe tried to unite under the name of a single state or union of states, always blocked this attempt with the allies it found in the continent. This ally has always been the state or states against the state that has become the dominant power of continental Europe. In other words, an alliance was formed with the weak side.

9. Because the British thought that if a power that dominates all of Europe emerged, this power would try to seize the island like the Romans or at least reduce its effectiveness. They also have a right to that. Because Great Britain has only been attacked and even occupied by the forces from continental Europe throughout its history.

10. For this reason, England saw Europe as a source of threat rather than a homeland, including itself.

11. As a result, England neither wanted any state to become overly powerful and unite Europe, nor did it try to dominate Europe.

12. The only thing he wants is the creation and maintenance of a balance of power in Europe, that is, no state becomes a dominant power on the European mainland.

13. For this reason, England has never had a traditional friend or foe on the European continent.

14. He did not hesitate to ally with Prussia against France in the Seven Years' War, with other states against France in the Napoleonic Wars, and with France and Russia against the Germans (Germany and Austria-Hungary) in the First and Second World Wars.

15. This is probably why Britain was one of the last countries to enter and leave the European Union.

16. Russia, which sees the full unity of the EU as a threat to itself, also does not want it.

17. Full union is also an undesirable situation for Turkey, which understands that it will never be accepted into this union and has not been so willing to enter it recently.

18. When this order is passed, it will be dominated by the Germans or the French, or both. Some European states that think that a structure will be established that will harm their own identity and that this structure will harm their own identity always poses obstacles when it comes to unity.

19. However, despite all this, it is seen that the idea of ​​full unity in Europe has recently started to come to the fore again. As a matter of fact, the issue of establishing a European army and protecting European borders with a joint effort is being discussed.

20. In this; Britain's break with the union, the USA's tired of ensuring the security of Europe for a while, and European countries, especially Germany, repeating in almost every platform that they should spend more for their own security, the USA and England took Australia with them to the Pacific region. Russia's military operations in recent years have a great impact.

21. But the most important reason is a new threat that has been intensifying on the Mediterranean and Turkish borders for a while, and on the Belarusian border in the last year.

22. This threat, defined as hybrid by EU officials, is an influx of migrants.

23. This is such a serious threat that it seems to unite Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire, which even the nuclear threat during the Cold War could not fully unite.

24. This shows that the spirit of the Roman Empire, which could not pass to the other world despite its body being buried in history 1545 years ago, and which disappeared from time to time by approaching the earth and away from time to time, began to float again in the European skies.

25. Probably waiting for the troop to complete before landing. Or it is trying to get down to the ground in order to provide unity.

REFERENCES:
In this article, the dates, place names, personal names and treaty names have been written by checking Wikipedia to avoid any inaccuracies.
Except for the ones taken from Wikipedia, all the information was written extemporaneously.