Mass Migration

Migration is the change of place of a person or a community in order to settle in another place. We're not going to talk about people. When we look at the world history, we see many migration movements that have changed the social and political balances. Hz. The migration of Muhammad, the migration of tribes, the Balkan migrations, the exchange of the republican period, Hz. Moses' migration from Egypt is one of the major migration movements we know. Another concept related to migration is deportation. Deportation is forced migration. The deportation of Armenians, which was carried out by the order of the Ottoman administration, is an example of this.

There are different reasons for migration. There were migrations due to famine, invasion, wars, as well as religious reasons. The conceptual explanation of migration shows that it is not a very voluntary and voluntary movement of displacement.

The most important phenomenon that concerns us is the political and social changes created by immigration. Migration means the establishment of a new order in the new place, rather than leaving a place. The real question is whether the communities in the migrated area consented to these new settlers. Tribes migration is a huge migration wave, and since there was no consent, the settled communities, which turned into an invasion, had to relocate.

Today, the reason for migration is generally due to conflict environments and economic reasons. Migration movements are also seen in which both reasons are related to each other. The inequality of income distribution and conflict environments in the world cause global migration waves in the south, north and east west axes. Syria, Afghanistan and Myanmar migrations can be given as examples of conflict environments. Migration from Africa to Europe and from Mexico to the USA can be called economic migration.

Under the leadership of the United Nations, studies are carried out in the field of international law regarding migration movements. However, since the phenomenon of migration expresses an actual movement, the regulations regarding the legislation generally focus on the results. The legal status of immigrants is determined with concepts such as immigrant, refugee, asylum seeker, and fugitive, and legal responsibilities are imposed on the country of immigration.

The majority of the United Nations member states, which came together in Marrakech, Morocco in December 2018, accepted the Global Refugee and Migration Agreement, despite the objections of the USA and some European countries. However, in its current form, the Agreement is not binding in international law, except for jus cogens, rather it is a text of definitions and principles.

Today, migration movements are more and more on the agenda of the world public opinion. In addition to the existing reasons for migration, drought-related famine or regional disasters caused by a possible sudden climate change will make migration, which is currently partially controllable, a serious security problem for countries.

The solution will require much more complex legal, economic, social practices and security measures than the understanding that you see, I will cover the costs or I will build concrete walls and close the doors to my country's borders. In the 21st century, in legal systems where individual rights and freedoms are handled almost individually, it is a necessity to consider the victimization of both immigrant and immigrant communities as sanctioned norms with a "right violation" perspective.